ADMIN - GENERAL SESSION
POSTER - 01. AGRONOMIC CROPS
Wheat Variety Tolerance to Metribuzin and Pyroxasulfone. Lane S. Newlin*, Misha R. Manuchehri, Brett F. Carver, Amanda De Oliveira Silva, Hannah C. Lindell, Justin T. Childers; Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK	1
Overlapping Residual Herbicides for Control of Glyphosate-Resistant Palmer Amaranth in Dicamba/Glyphosate-Resistant Soybean. Shawn T. McDonald*¹, Prashant Jha², Amit J. Jhala¹; ¹University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, ²Iowa State University, Ames, IA	2
Interference of Amaranthus Palmeri in Sugar Beet. Whitney R. Schultz*, Nevin Lawrence; University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Scottsbluff, NE	3
Soybean Response to Aminopyralid, Dicamba, 2,4-D and Aminocyclopyrachlor Application. Trey I. Clark*¹, Thomas C. Mueller¹, Larry Steckel²; ¹University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, ²University of Tennessee, Jackson, TN	4
Herbicide Application Associated with Varying Planting Dates in Oklahoma Soybean Production. Sarah E. Kezar*, Josh Lofton, Misha R. Manuchehri; Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK	5
Interactions of Dicamba, Glyphosate, and Glufosinate as Tank-Mix Partners. Adam L. Constine*, Christy Sprague; Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI	6
Boll Opening Efficacy as Influenced by Cotton Maturity. Cayden B. Catlin*, Bradley R. Wilson, Seth A. Byrd; Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK	7
*'Planting Green' into Cereal Cover Crops Improves Horseweed (Erigeron canadensis) Suppression.* John A. Schramski*, Christy Sprague, Karen A. Renner; Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI	8
Cover Crop Vs. Cash Crop: A Comparison of Two Renovation Approaches in Deteriorated Wyoming Hayfields. Tyler Z. Jones*, Brian Mealor; University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY	9
Control of Velvetleaf by Tank-mixing Dicamba with Fluthiacet or Glyphosate in Dicamba/Glyphosate-resistant Soybean. Jose H. de Sanctis*¹, Amit J. Jhala¹, Stevan Knezevic²; ¹University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, ²University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Concord, NE	10
Greenhouse Herbicide Screening for Industrial Hemp. Joseph Mettler*, Kirk A. Howatt; North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND	11
Timing of Post-Emergence Herbicide Application Impacts Weed Control and Seed Fecundity in Wisconsin Soybean Production. Sarah V. Striegel*, Maxwel Coura Oliveira, Ryan P. DeWerff, Nicholas J. Arneson, David E. Stoltenberg, Shawn P. Conley, Rodrigo Werle; University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WV	12
Impact of Tank Mix Partner on Solution pH and Secondary Movement of Dicamba and 2,4-D. Sarah V. Striegel*, Nikola Arsenijevic, Maxwel Coura Oliveira, Ryan P. DeWerff, David E. Stoltenberg, Shawn P. Conley, Rodrigo Werle; University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WV	13
The Potential for New Residual Herbicides in Rice. Connor Webster*, Eric Webster, Benjamin M. McKnight, David C. Walker, Bradley Greer, Samer Y. Rustom; Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA	14
Effects of Deep Seeding on Weed Management and Crop Response in California Rice Systems. Alexander R. Ceseski*, Amar Godar, Kassim Al-Khatib; University of California, Davis, Davis, CA	15
*Evaluating Reduced Rate POST Herbicide Mixtures for Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) Control in Dry Bean.* Clint W. Beiermann*¹, Cody F. Creech¹, Amit J. Jhala², Stevan Knezevic³, Robert Harveson¹, Nevin Lawrence¹; ¹University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Scottsbluff, NE, ²University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, ³University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Concord, NE	16
Effect of Sublethal 2,4-D Rates on Quality and Value of Cotton Fiber. Bradley R. Wilson*¹, Misha R. Manuchehri¹, Peter A. Dotray², Wayne Keeling³, Gaylon Morgan⁴, Seth A. Byrd¹; ¹Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, ²Texas Tech University and Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Service, Lubbock, TX, ³Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Lubbock, TX, ⁴Cotton Incorporated, Cary, NC	17
Options for Managing Weedy Rice in Louisiana. Bradley Greer*¹, Eric Webster¹, Benjamin M. McKnight¹, David C. Walker¹, Samer Y. Rustom¹, Connor Webster¹, Justin B. Hensley²; ¹Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, ²Arkansas Ag Specialists, LLC, Dumas, AR	18
Carry Over Effects of Residual Cotton Herbicides on Fall-Planted Cover Crops. Enelise Osco Helvig*¹, Spencer L. Samuelson², Cleber D. de Goes Maciel¹, Muthukumar V. Bagavathiannan²; ¹Universidade Estadual do Centro Oeste, Guarapuava, Brazil, ²Texas A&M University, College Station, TX	19
Evaluation of New Rice Herbicides Applied in a Salvage Situation. Samer Y. Rustom*, Eric Webster, Benjamin M. McKnight, Connor Webster, Bradley Greer, David C. Walker; Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA	20
*Characterization of Dicamba Cross Resistance in a Multiple-Resistant Waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) Population from Illinois.* Lucas Bobadilla*, Darci A. Giacomini, Patrick Tranel; University of Illinois, Urbana, IL	21
Effects of Simulated Dew on Dicamba Volatility and Soybean Sensitivity. Matthew Osterholt*¹, Julie M. Young², Bryan G. Young²; ¹Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, ²Purdue University, Brookston, IN	22
Assessment of North Carolina Farmer's Glufosinate Use and Applications. Eric A. Jones*, Wesley Everman, Ramon G. Leon, Charlie W. Cahoon; North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC	23
Using Reduced Rates of Quizalofop to Control Weedy Rice. David C. Walker*¹, Eric Webster¹, Ronald J. Levy Jr.², Benjamin M. McKnight¹, Samer Y. Rustom¹, Lucas C. Webster¹, William B. Greer¹; ¹Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, ²Louisiana State University, Rayne, LA	24
Cover Crops as a Summer Annual Weed Management Tool in Dryland Corn Cropping Systems of Semi-Arid Nebraska. Alexandre T. Rosa*¹, Cody F. Creech², Roger Elmore¹, Daran Rudnick¹, John Lindquist¹, Rodrigo Werle³; ¹University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, ²University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Scottsbluff, NE, ³University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WV	25
Cover Crops and Wheat Stubble Management Effects on Weed Demographics and Corn Productivity in Semi-Arid Nebraska. Alexandre T. Rosa*¹, Cody F. Creech², Roger Elmore¹, Daran Rudnick¹, John Lindquist¹, Chuck Burr³, Strahinja Stepanovic⁴, Rodrigo Werle⁵; ¹University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, ²University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Scottsbluff, NE, ³University of Nebraska-Lincoln, North Platte, NE, ⁴University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Grant, NE, ⁵University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WV	26
Benzobicyclon Utility for Weedy Rice Control. Mason C. Castner*, Jason K. Norsworthy, Chad Brabham, Fidel Gonzalez Torralva; University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR	27
*Control of Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) and Foxtails with Post-emergence Herbicides in Yellow and White Popcorn Hybrids.* Samantha D. Isaacson*, Amit J. Jhala, John Lindquist; University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE	28
Weed Management and Crop Response Utilizing Isoxaflutole in HPPD Tolerant Cotton. Delaney C. Foster*¹, Peter A. Dotray², Corey Thompson³, Greg Baldwin⁴, Frederick Moore⁵; ¹Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, ²Texas Tech University and Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Service, Lubbock, TX, ³BASF, Abernathy, TX, ⁴BASF, Research Triangle Park, NC, ⁵BASF, Lubbock, TX	29
Effect of Winter Wheat Cover Crop Termination Time on Dry Bean Production. Tyler C. Hicks*¹, Andrew R. Kniss², David A. Claypool²; ¹University of Wyoming, Fort Collins, CO, ²University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY	30
*Sphere of Influence of Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum).* Nicholas T. Basinger*¹, David Weisberger¹, Logan M. Dyer¹, Ramon G. Leon²; ¹University of Georgia, Athens, GA, ²North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC	31
Using Pesticides Wisely - Georgia 2019. A Stanley Culpepper*¹, Jenna C. Vance¹, Thomas Gray², Laura P. Johnson³, Eric P. Prostko¹; ¹University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, ²Georgia Department of Agriculture, Atlanta, GA, ³University of Georgia, Athens, GA	32
*Sugarcane (Saccharum* spp. Hybrids) Yield Component Response to Divine Nightshade (Solanum nigrescens) Establishment and Removal Timing.** Douglas J. Spaunhorst*; USDA-ARS, Houma, LA	33
Control of Canada Fleabane in Winter Wheat with Postemergence Herbicides. Nader Soltani*, Peter H. Sikkema; University of Guelph, Ridgetown, ON, Canada	34
Glyphosate in Organic Grain: Exploring Potential Sources of Contamination Through Seed Analysis. Lilianna M. Bento*¹, Barbara Keith¹, Bruce Maxwell¹, Jona Verreth², William Dyer¹; ¹Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, ²Montana Agriculture Experiment Station Analytical Laboratory, Bozeman, MT	35
Effective Dicamba Exposure on Enlist Soybean. Julie Reeves*, Sandy Steckel, Clay M. Perkins, Lawrence E. Steckel; University of Tennessee, Jackson, TN	36
*Effect of Herbicides Applied at First Visible Female Inflorescence on Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) Fecundity and Seed Viability.* Eric B. Scruggs*, Michael L. Flessner; Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA	37
Soybean Response to Multiple Dicamba Exposure. Todd A. Baughman*¹, Robbie Peterson¹, Misha R. Manuchehri²; ¹Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, OK, ²Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK	38
Volunteer Cotton Response to POST Herbicide Applications. Robbie Peterson*, Todd A. Baughman; Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, OK	39
Expanding the Vision of Perennial Agriculture with IR-4 Registration in Kernza. Clair L. Keene*¹, Eugene P. Law², Jacob Jungers³, Don Wyse³, Valentin Picasso⁴, David E. Stoltenberg⁴; ¹North Dakota State University Extension, Williston, ND, ²Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, ³University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, ⁴University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WV	40
*Evaluation of PRE and POST Applications of Metribuzin on Weed Control Programs in Corn (Zea mays).* Taghi Bararpour*, Ralph R. Hale, M. W. Ebelhar; Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MS	41
*Burndown Residual Herbicide Plus Halauxifen-methyl (Elevore) for Early Preplant Horseweed (Conyza canadensis) Control.* Taghi Bararpour*¹, Ralph R. Hale¹, Larry C. Walton², Henry M. Edwards¹; ¹Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MS, ²Corteva, Tupelo, MS	42
Does Late Season Weed Cover Reduce Corn Silage Yield and Alfalfa Establishment in Interseeded Corn/alfalfa Systems? Jose Luiz Carvalho de Souza Dias*, Mark J. Renz; University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WV	43
*Field Bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) Management in California Cotton.* Kurt J. Hembree*; University of California Cooperative Extension, Fresno, CA	44
*Cereal Rye Termination Timing and Method Influence Glyphosate-Resistant Horseweed (Erigeron Canadensis) Suppression in Sugarbeet.* Brian J. Stiles II*, Christy Sprague; Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI	45
*Roughstalk Bluegrass (Poa trivialis) Control in Winter Wheat.* Gary Edward Powell*, Brian J. Stiles II, Christy Sprague; Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI	46
Comparison of Herbicide Programs in Conventional, Glufosinate, and Glyphosate/Dicamba-Resistant Soybeans Across Nebraska. Adam Striegel*¹, Stevan Knezevic², Nevin Lawrence³, Gary Hein¹, Greg R. Kruger⁴, Chris Proctor¹, Kent Eskridge¹, Amit J. Jhala¹; ¹University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, ²University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Concord, NE, ³University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Scottsbluff, NE, ⁴University of Nebraska-Lincoln, North Platte, NE	47
*Herbicide Resistant Italian Ryegrass (Lolium perenne* Ssp. multiflorum) Survey in Northern Idaho and Eastern Washington.** Traci Rauch*, Joan M. Campbell; University of Idaho, Moscow, ID	48
Glyphosate-Tolerant Soybean Yield Loss and Yield Response to Micro-Rates of 2,4-D as Influenced by Growth Stage. Ivan B. Cuvaca*¹, Stevan Knezevic², Jon Scott¹, Darko Jovanovic¹; ¹University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, ²University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Concord, NE	49
Effect of Growth Stage on Glyphosate-Tolerant Soybean Sensitivity to Micro-rates of 2,4-D. Ivan B. Cuvaca*¹, Jon Scott¹, Darko Jovanovic¹, Stevan Knezevic²; ¹University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, ²University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Concord, NE	50
Effects of Dicamba Ultra Micro-Rates on Soybean Yield - Hormesis or Not? Stevan Knezevic*; University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Concord, NE	51
Growth and Sensitivity of Dicamba-Tolerant Soybean to Micro-Rates of 2,4-D. Stevan Knezevic*¹, Jon Scott², Darko Jovanovic², Ivan B. Cuvaca²; ¹University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Concord, NE, ²University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE	52
Weed Management Systems in Imidazolinone Tolerant Grain Sorghum in South Texas. Alvaro Garcia*¹, Joshu A. McGinty², Jamie Foster³, Greta Schuster¹, Alinna Umphres¹, Paul A. Baumann⁴; ¹Texas A&M University, Kingsville, TX, ²Texas A&M AgriLife Extension, Corpus Christi, TX, ³Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Corpus Christi, TX, ⁴Texas A&M AgriLife Extension, College Station, TX	53
Herbicidal Activity of a New Pyridine Derivative M-862 on Broadleaf Weeds and Wheat. Nam-Gyu Cho*¹, Dae-Won Koo¹, Ki-Hwan Hwang¹, Suk-Jin Koo²; ¹Moghu Research Center, Ltd., Yuseong, Daejeon, South Korea, ²Moghu Research Center, Ltd., Daejeon, South Korea	54
*Rapid Spread of Glyphosate-resistant Kochia [Bassia scoparia* (L.) A.J.Scott] in Manitoba.** Charles M. Geddes*¹, Teandra Ostendorf¹, Robert Gulden², Tammy Jones³, Julia Leeson⁴, Scott Shirriff⁴, Shaun Sharpe⁴, Hugh J. Beckie⁵; ¹Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada, ²University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada, ³Manitoba Agriculture, Carman, MB, Canada, ⁴Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, ⁵University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia	55
*Characterization of Dicamba- and Fluroxypyr-resistant Kochia [Bassia scoparia* (L.) A.J.Scott] in Alberta.** Charles M. Geddes*¹, Mallory Owen¹, Elise Martin², Linda Hall², Scott Shirriff³, Julia Leeson³, Hugh J. Beckie⁴; ¹Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada, ²University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, ³Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, ⁴University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia	56
A Survey of Florida Panhandle Row Crop Producers on Weeds Problem and Management Practices. Pratap Devkota*¹, Ethan T. Carter², Rhoda T. Broughton³; ¹University of Florida, Jay, FL, ²University of Florida, Marianna, FL, ³University of Florida, Live Oak, FL	57
*Guayule (Parthenium argentatum) Seedling Response to Carfentrazone-ethyl.* Bryan C. Pastor*¹, Guangyauo Sam Wang², William B. McCloskey¹; ¹University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, ²Bridgestone Americas, Inc, Eloy, AZ	58
Response of Common Louisiana Aquatic Weeds to Rice Herbicides. Benjamin M. McKnight*, Eric Webster, Samer Y. Rustom, Connor Webster, Bradley Greer, David C. Walker; Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA	59
Inzen^TM Sorghum Weed Control Programs with Zest^TM WDG Herbicide. David Saunders*¹, Joe Armstrong², Michael Lovelace³, Jeffrey Krumm⁴; ¹Corteva Agriscience, Dallas Center, IA, ²Corteva Agriscience, Indianapolis, IN, ³Corteva Agriscience, Lubbock, TX, ⁴Corteva Agriscience, Hastings, NE	60
Resicore� for PRE and POST Weed Control in Corn. David Saunders*¹, Joe Armstrong², Kevin Johnson³; ¹Corteva Agriscience, Dallas Center, IA, ²Corteva Agriscience, Indianapolis, IN, ³Corteva Agriscience, Lafayette, IN	61
Desert Cotton Responses to Low Doses of 2,4-D or Dicamba. William B. McCloskey*¹, Randy Norton², Bryan C. Pastor¹; ¹University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, ²University of Arizona, Safford, AZ	62
Field-scale Assessment of Dicamba Off-target Movement from Soybeans in Missouri.. Reid Smeda*; University of Missouri, Columbia, MO	63
Impact of Cereal Rye Cover Crop Termination Timing on the Fate of Soil-applied Residual Herbicides in Wisconsin Corn-soybean Production Systems. Nicholas J. Arneson*, Kolby R. Grint, Nikola Arsenijevic, Rodrigo Werle; University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WV	64
Comparison of Layered Herbicide Residual Programs for Waterhemp Control in Wisconsin Soybean Production. Nicholas J. Arneson*, Ryan P. DeWerff, Daniel H. Smith, Rodrigo Werle; University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WV	65
Potential for Gibberellic Acid as a Weed Seedbank Management Tool in Eastern Washington Dryland Systems. Rachel J. Zuger*, Amber L. Hauvermale, Ian Burke; Washington State University, Pullman, WA	66
Impact of Cover Crop Mixtures and Climate Conditions on Weed Communities. Mary E. DuPre¹, Maryse Bourgault², Darin Boss², Chris Larson¹, Fabian D. Menalled¹, Tim Seipel*¹; ¹Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, ²Montana State University -Northern Ag Research Center, Havre, MT	67
Potential Yield Loss from Uncontrolled Weeds in Rice in North America. Sandeep S. Rana*¹, Wesley Everman², Anita Dille³, Peter H. Sikkema⁴, Michael L. Flessner⁵, Ian Burke⁶, Mark VanGessel⁷; ¹Bayer Crop Science, Galena, MD, ²North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, ³Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, ⁴University of Guelph, Ridgetown, ON, Canada, ⁵Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, ⁶Washington State University, Pullman, WA, ⁷University of Delaware, Georgetown, DE	68
Potential Yield Loss from Uncontrolled Weeds in Cotton in North America. Sandeep S. Rana*¹, Wesley Everman², Anita Dille³, Peter H. Sikkema⁴, Michael L. Flessner⁵, Ian Burke⁶, Mark VanGessel⁷; ¹Bayer Crop Science, Galena, MD, ²North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, ³Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, ⁴University of Guelph, Ridgetown, ON, Canada, ⁵Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, ⁶Washington State University, Pullman, WA, ⁷University of Delaware, Georgetown, DE	69
*Evaluation of Weed Control Programs in Furrow Irrigated Rice (Oryza sativa).* Leah M. Collie*¹, Tom Barber¹, Thomas R. Butts¹, Ryan C. Doherty², Zachary T. Hill³, Aaron Ross⁴; ¹University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Lonoke, AR, ²University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture Research & Extension, Monticello, AR, ³University of Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service, Monticello, AR, ⁴University of Arkansas, Lonoke, AR	70
Cotton and Soybean Response to Selected Drift Rates of Imazapyr and Metsulfuron. Michael W. Marshall*; Clemson University Edisto Research & Education Center, Blackville, SC	71
Large-Scale Evaluation of 2,4-D Off-Target Movement in Wisconsin Soybeans. Rodrigo Werle*, Nicholas J. Arneson, Maxwel Coura Oliveira, Ryan P. DeWerff; University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WV	72
Aerial Imagery as a Potential Tool to Evaluate Dicamba Off-Target Movement in Soybeans. Rodrigo Werle*¹, Randy Pearson², Josh Pristolas², Maxwel Coura Oliveira¹, Ryan Rector³; ¹University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WV, ²Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, ³Bayer Crop Science, St Louis, MO	73
*Weedy Rice (Oryza sativa* f. spontaneae) Emergence and Growth Under Variable Irrigation Practices.** Whitney Brim-DeForest*¹, Luis Espino²; ¹University of California Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Yuba City, CA, ²University of California Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Oroville, CA	74
Evaluation of Benzobicyclon and ALS-inhibiting Herbicide Combinations for Control of Northern Jointvetch (Aeschynomene virginica) and Hemp Sesbania (Sesbania herbacea) in Drill Seeded Rice (Oryza sativa). Nathan Pearrow*¹, Craigs Sandoski², Brad M. Davis³, Thomas R. Butts³; ¹University of Arkansas, Newport, AR, ²Gowan, Collierville, TN, ³University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Lonoke, AR	75
*A Multi-State Screen of Field Populations of Horseweed (Conyza canadensis) to Applications of Dicamba and Glufosinate.* Nicholas R. Steppig*¹, Julie M. Young², Kevin W. Bradley³, Jason K. Norsworthy⁴, Karla L. Gage⁵, Aaron Hager⁶, Greg R. Kruger⁷, Mark Loux⁸, Larry Steckel⁹, Bryan G. Young²; ¹Purdue University, Lafayette, IN, ²Purdue University, Brookston, IN, ³University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, ⁴University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, ⁵Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL, ⁶University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, ⁷University of Nebraska-Lincoln, North Platte, NE, ⁸Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, ⁹University of Tennessee, Jackson, TN	76
How to Avoid Glyphosate Injury in Glyphosate-Resistant Alfalfa. Earl Creech*¹, Chet Loveland¹, Matt Yost¹, Corey V. Ransom¹, Dan Putnam²; ¹Utah State University, Logan, UT, ²University of California, Davis, Davis, CA	77
*Control of Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) with Glufosinate and S-metolachlor in Cotton Production Systems.* William J. Rutland*¹, Darrin M. Dodds², Jacob P. McNeal², John J. Williams², Bradley J. Norris², Steven D. Hall¹; ¹Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, ²Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS	78
The Effect of Multiple Exposure of Auxin Herbicide on Soybeans. Beau J. Varner*¹, Kevin W. Bradley², Aaron Hager³, Karla L. Gage⁴, Daniel B. Reynolds¹, Jason K. Norsworthy⁵, Larry Steckel⁶, Bryan G. Young⁷; ¹Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, ²University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, ³University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, ⁴Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL, ⁵University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, ⁶University of Tennessee, Jackson, TN, ⁷Purdue University, Brookston, IN	79
Low Tunnel Evaluation of Dicamba Premixes. Graham Oakley*¹, A Stanley Culpepper², Daniel B. Reynolds¹, Reid Smeda³, Christy Sprague⁴, Rodrigo Werle⁵; ¹Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, ²University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, ³University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, ⁴Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, ⁵University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WV	80
*Impact of Dicamba+Various Postemergence Herbicide Tank-Mixes on Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) Control and Cotton Injury.* Bradley J. Norris*¹, Darrin M. Dodds¹, Jacob P. McNeal¹, John J. Williams¹, Steven D. Hall², William J. Rutland²; ¹Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, ²Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS	81
*Evaluation of Echinochloa crus-galli* Sensitivity to Florpyrauxifen-benzyl.** Grant L. Priess*, Chad Brabham, Jason K. Norsworthy; University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR	82
Determining Duration of Residual Control of Soil-applied Herbicides in Cotton. Justin S. Calhoun*¹, J Connor Ferguson², Kayla L. Broster², Zachary R. Treadway², Luke H. Merritt², Michael T. Wesley Jr.²; ¹Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, ²Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS	83
*Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) and Tarnished Plant Bug (Lygus lineolaris) Control with Various Dicamba + Insecticide Tank-Mixes in Cotton.* Angus L. Catchot*¹, Darrin M. Dodds², Jacob P. McNeal², John J. Williams², Bradley J. Norris², Steven D. Hall¹, William J. Rutland¹; ¹Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, ²Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS	84
Effect of Late-Season Applied Herbicide Tank-Mixtures on Control and Seed Production of Palmer Amaranth in Postharvest Wheat Stubble. Rui Liu*, Vipan Kumar, Natalie Aquilina, Taylor Lambert; Kansas State University, Hays, KS	85
Weed Species Identification Using Multispectral Imagery. Wesley Everman*, John Sanders; North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC	86
Implications of Multi-Tactic Weed Management Strategies to Deplete Glyphosate-Resistant Tall Waterhemp Seed Bank in Corn-Soybean Rotations in the Midwest. Ramawatar Yadav*, Prashant Jha, Damian D. Franzenburg, James M. Lee, Iththiphonh A. Macvilay; Iowa State University, Ames, IA	87
*History and Current Status of Herbicide-Resistant Waterhemp [Amaranthus tuberculatus* (Moq.) J. D. Sauer] in Iowa Corn and Soybean Fields. .** Prashant Jha*, Ryan C. Hamberg, Iththiphonh A. Macvilay, James M. Lee, Ramawatar Yadav, Avery J. Bennett, Edward S. Dearden, Damian D. Franzenburg; Iowa State University, Ames, IA	88
Benefit of Dicamba in Early Postemergence Herbicide Tank-mixtures. Brent S. Heaton*, Mark L. Bernards; Western Illinois University, Macomb, IL	89
POSTER - 02. HORTICULTURAL CROPS
Seed Treatments for Safening Herbicides in Vegetables. Matthew A. Cutulle¹, Giovanni A. Caputo*²; ¹Clemson University, Charleston, SC, ²Clemson University, Clemson, SC	90
Evaluation of Growing Degree Day Based Chemigation Treatments for Management of Branched Broomrape in California Processing Tomato Systems. Matthew J. Fatino*¹, Mohsen B. Mesgaran¹, Brad Hanson²; ¹University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, ²University of California, Davis, Winters, CA	91
*Effect of Repeated Mechanical Tuber Removal During the Fallow Period on Nutsedge (Cyperus spp.) Management in Bell Pepper.* Ranjeet S. Randhawa*, Peter J. Dittmar; University of Florida, Gainesville, FL	92
Preliminary Preemergence Herbicide Tolerance Screen for Transplanted Industrial Hemp. Michael L. Flessner*, Kevin W. Bamber, John H. Fike; Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA	93
Reduced Rates of 2,4-D and Dicamba on Sweetpotato Propagation Beds. Thomas Batts*¹, Stephen C. Smith², Levi D. Moore², Kira C. Sims³, Matthew Waldschmidt², Sushila Chaudhari², Katherine M. Jennings²; ¹NC Cooperative Extension, Wilson, NC, ²North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, ³North Carolina State University, Goldsboro, NC	94
Protecting Specialty Crops from Pests � How the Western Region IR-4 Project Helps Meet Farmer Pest Control Needs. Michael J. Horak*¹, Stephen Flanagan², Mika Tolson¹; ¹Western Region IR-4 Project, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, ²Western Region IR-4 Project, University of California, Davis, Eugene, OR	95
*Suppression of Hazelnut (Corylus avellana) Suckers with 1-Naphthylacetic Acid.* Arnaldo Marques Caldera da Silva¹, David R. King*², Richard K. Zollinger³, Marcelo L. Moretti²; ¹University of S�o Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil, ²Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, ³Amvac Chemical Company, Spokane, WA	96
*Evaluation of Herbicide Programs in Dormant Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) in North Carolina.* Robert M. Welker*¹, Roger B. Batts²; ¹North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, ²NCSU IR-4 Field Research Center, Fremont, NC	97
Crabgrass Control with Tembotrione, Topramezone, and Tolpyralate in Sweet Corn. Ed Peachey*; Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR	98
Yield Loss Estimates for Vegetables in the USA and Canada. Mark VanGessel*¹, Nicholas T. Basinger², Ian Burke³, Anita Dille⁴, Wesley Everman⁵, Michael L. Flessner⁶, Zahoor A. Ganie⁷, Sandeep S. Rana⁸, Scott Senseman⁹, Peter H. Sikkema¹⁰, Nader Soltani¹⁰; ¹University of Delaware, Georgetown, DE, ²University of Georgia, Athens, GA, ³Washington State University, Pullman, WA, ⁴Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, ⁵North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, ⁶Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, ⁷FMC, Newark, DE, ⁸Bayer Crop Science, Galena, MD, ⁹The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, ¹⁰University of Guelph, Ridgetown, ON, Canada	99
IR-4 Project Update and Program Changes. Daniel Kunkel*¹, Roger B. Batts², Jerry Baron³, Michael J. Braverman⁴; ¹IR-4 Project, Rutgers University, Princeton, NJ, ²NCSU IR-4 Field Research Center, Fremont, NC, ³Affiliation Not Specified, Hillsborough, NJ, ⁴Rutgers University, Princeton, NJ	100
Influence of Hemp Variety and Weed Free Period on Yield in Coastal South Carolina. Harrison T. Campbell*, Matthew A. Cutulle; Clemson University, Charleston, SC	101
*Can a Sunn Hemp (Crotalaria juncea) Living Mulch Reduce Herbicide Usage in Sweet Corn?* Robert E. Nurse*¹, Jichul Bae², Kerry Bosveld¹, Marie-Josee Simard³; ¹Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Harrow, ON, Canada, ²Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Agassiz, BC, Canada, ³Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-jean-sur-richelieu, Canada	102
Update on Herbicide Resistance Genetic Testing. Kristen A. Obeid¹, Marie-Josee Simard², Martin Laforest³, Robert E. Nurse*¹, Eric R. Page¹, David Miville⁴; ¹Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Harrow, ON, Canada, ²Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-jean-sur-richelieu, Canada, ³AAC-AAFC, St-jean-sur-richelieu, QC, Canada, ⁴MAPAQ, Quebec City, QC, Canada	103
Grape Response to Simulated Drift of Auxin Herbicides. Steven C. Haring*¹, Junjun Ou², Kassim Al-Khatib¹, Brad Hanson³; ¹University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, ²Corteva Agriscience, Indianapolis, IN, ³University of California, Davis, Winters, CA	104
On-Farm Evaluation of POST-Directed Flumioxazin in New Mexico Chile Pepper. Brian J. Schutte*; New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM	105
Have Greenhouse - Will Conduct Bioassays: A Grower Asked and We Rode to the Rescue. Pamela J.s. Hutchinson*, Celestina S. Miera, Brenda C. Kendall, Tenika Trevino, Brent R. Beutler; University of Idaho, Aberdeen, ID	106
POSTER - 03. TURF AND ORNAMENTALS
*Goosegrass (Elusine indica) Resistance to Mitotic Inhibiting Herbicides in Cool-Season Turfgrass.* Katherine H. Diehl*¹, Matthew T. Elmore¹, James Brosnan², Sarah Boggess², Robert N. Trigiano²; ¹Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, ²University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN	107
Growth Response of Southern Landscape Ornamentals to Low Rates of 2,4-D, Dicamba, and Glyphosate Particle Drift. Ryan D. Langemeier*, Steve Li, Katilyn J. Price, Frances B. Browne; Auburn University, Auburn, AL	108
Herbicide Phytotoxicity Influenced by Shade Timing and Density. Cameron Stephens*, Daniel Freund, James Kerns, Travis Gannon; North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC	109
*Multi-State Research Evaluating Seedling Emergence and Herbicide Resistance Epidemic in Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua* L.) in Managed Turfgrass Systems.** Andrew W. Osburn*, Muthukumar V. Bagavathiannan, Becky Grubbs; Texas A&M University, College Station, TX	110
How Can Weed Steamers Fit into a Landscape Weed Management Program? Cheryl Wilen¹, Guy G. Hernanadez*²; ¹University of California Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, San Diego, CA, ²University of California Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lake Forest, CA	111
*Using Drone-collected Imagery to Map Invasive Pampasgrass (Cortaderia selloana) Across a Golf Course.* Maggie Reiter*; University of California Cooperative Extension, Fresno, CA	112
Efficacy of Organic Herbicides and Other Alternatives to Glyphosate in Urban Landscapes. Maggie Reiter*¹, Karey Windbiel-Rojas², John A. Roncoroni³; ¹University of California Cooperative Extension, Fresno, CA, ²University of California Statewide IPM Program, Davis, CA, ³University of California Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Napa, CA	113
A Survey of Herbicide Resistance Issues in Nursery Crops, Christmas Trees and Landscape Plantings. Joe C. Neal*¹, Jeffrey Derr²; ¹North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, ²Virginia Tech, Virginia Beach, VA	114
Weed Control in Container-grown Tree Seedlings Using Mulches and Pre-emerge Herbicides. Anthony L. Witcher*¹, Eugene K. Blythe²; ¹Tennessee State University, Mcminnville, TN, ²Auburn University, Auburn, AL	115
Herbicide Longevity in Nursery Container Substrates. James Altland*; USDA-ARS, Wooster, OH	116
The Safety of Conifers to Select Pyridine Herbicides. Mark A. Czarnota*; University of Georgia, Williamson, GA	117
*Post-Emergence Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) Control with SpeedZone and SpeedZone + Topramezone Mixtures.* Daniel P. Tuck*, Matthew T. Elmore; Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ	118
Zoysiagrass Response to Nonselective Herbicides is More Dependent on Heat Units Than Geography. Whitnee Askew*, Jordan M. Craft, Mike Goatley, Shawn Askew; Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA	119
Effect of Submersion Time on Germination of Four Weed Species. Alisha Shiffer*¹, Anthony V. LeBude², Joe C. Neal¹, James Altland³; ¹North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, ²North Carolina State University, Mills River, NC, ³USDA-ARS, Wooster, OH	120
POSTER - 04. PASTURE, RANGE, FOREST, RIGHTS OF WAYS & NATURAL AREAS
*Addressing Challenges of African Mustard (Brassica tournefortii) Management in Utah.* Natalie L. Fronk*¹, Corey V. Ransom¹, Benjamin Scow², Chad Reid³; ¹Utah State University, Logan, UT, ²Utah State University Extension, Hurricane, UT, ³Utah State University Extension, Cedar City, UT	121
*Using Unmanned Aerial Systems for Estimating Biomass of Smutgrass (Sporobolus indicus) and Management Interventions.* Zachary S. Howard*¹, Bishwa B. Sapkota¹, Chenghai Yang², Muthukumar V. Bagavathiannan¹, Scott A. Nolte³; ¹Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, ²USDA-ARS, College Station, TX, ³Texas A&M AgriLife Extension, College Station, TX	122
*Ventenata (Ventenata dubia) Control and Plant Community Response to Herbicide Treatments.* Hailey L. Buell*, Corey V. Ransom, Steve Young; Utah State University, Logan, UT	123
Tolerance of Native Perennial Grasses to Esplanade on Conservation Reserve Program Land. Jared A. Beuschlein*¹, Rachel J. Zuger¹, Harold Quicke², Ian Burke¹; ¹Washington State University, Pullman, WA, ²Bayer, Windsor, CO	124
*Evaluating Historical Treatments to Clarify Optimal Herbicide Treatment Sequences for Invasive Old World Climbing Fern (Lygodium microphyllum)* on Tree Islands of the Florida Everglades.** Jonathan Glueckert*¹, Stephen F. Enloe²; ¹University of Florida, Boynton Beach, FL, ²University of Florida, Gainesville, FL	125
Phragmites australis In Colorado: Haplotype Distribution and Molecular Tools for Management Decisions. Neeta Soni*¹, Eric L. Patterson², Luke Tembrock¹, Todd A. Gaines¹; ¹Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, ²Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI	126
*Woody Debris Piles Facilitate Increased Douglas-fir Survival at a Scotch Broom (Cytisus scoparius) Infested Site.* James Dollins*, Timothy B. Harrington; USDA FOREST SERVICE - PNW RESEARCH STATION, Olympia, WA	127
Johnsongrass Management on Roadsides: Control, Suppression, or Selectivity? Joe Omielan*; University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY	128
*Response of Seeded Species to Three Common Herbicides Used for Downy Brome (Bromus tectorum) Control.* Melissa L. Landeen¹, Kevin Gunnell², Steve Young*³; ¹Utah Division of Wildlife Resources, Ephraim, UT, ²Utah Division of Wildlife Resources, Fountain Green, UT, ³Utah State University, Logan, UT	129
*Pollinator Habitat Diversity and Quantity Increases with Long-Term Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) Control.* James Sebastian*¹, Steve Sauer¹, Shannon Clark², Derek J. Sebastian³; ¹Boulder County Open Space, Longmont, CO, ²Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, ³Bayer, Greeley, CO	130
Integrated Management of Some Forest Invasive Weeds in B.c. Forestry, Victoria, Canada. Raj Nil Prasad*; Emeritus scientist / prof, Victoria, BC, Canada	131
Genetic Study and Chemical Control of Vaseygrass. Renata Thaysa da Silva Santos*¹, Esteban Fernando Rios², Pedro Luis da Costa Aguiar Alves¹; ¹S�o Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, Brazil, ²University of Florida, Gainesville, FL	132
*Dose-response Curves and Herbicides Efficacy of Pos-emergence Applications in Paspalum virgatum* .** Renata Thaysa da Silva Santos*, Aline Brufato, Pedro Luis da Costa Aguiar Alves; S�o Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, Brazil	133
*Management Considerations for Milkweed (Asclepias viridis) Habitat in the Southeast.* David Russell*¹, John D. Byrd, Jr.², Nolan H. Thorne³, Maria Leticia M. Zaccaro⁴, Hayden Quick²; ¹Auburn University, Madison, AL, ²Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, ³Mississippi State University, Mississippi State University, MS, ⁴University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR	134
Long-term Effects of Restoration Treatments in a Wyoming Big Sagebrush Community Invaded by Annual Exotic Grasses. Becky K. Kerns*¹, Dana Ikeda¹, Michelle A. Day²; ¹US Forest Service - PNW Research Station, Corvallis, OR, ²US Forest Service - Rocky Mountain Research Station, Corvallis, OR	135
*Integrating Common Control Methods for Wild Parsnip (Pastinaca sativa) Near Roads with Imazapic + Metsulfuron for Grass Height Suppression.* Leo Roth*, Mark J. Renz; University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WV	136
ORAL - 04. PASTURE, RANGE, FOREST, RIGHTS OF WAYS & NATURAL AREAS
The Effect of Common and Novel Pasture Herbicides on Forage Grass Establishment. Wykle C. Greene*, Michael L. Flessner; Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA	137
POSTER - 04. PASTURE, RANGE, FOREST, RIGHTS OF WAYS & NATURAL AREAS
*Cutleaf Vipergrass (Scorzonera laciniata) Discovery and Management in Utah.* Cody J. Beckley*¹, Jody A. Gale², Corey V. Ransom¹, Mark Nelson³; ¹Utah State University, Logan, UT, ²Utah State University Extension, Richfield, UT, ³Utah State University Extension, Beaver, UT	138
POSTER - 07. TEACHING AND EXTENSION/ TEACHING AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
Can Trunk Paint Mitigate Herbicide Damage in Young Almond Trees? Drew A. Wolter*¹, Danielle M. Lightle², Brad Hanson³; ¹University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, ²University of California Cooperative Extension, Oroville, CA, ³University of California, Davis, Winters, CA	139
Simulation Modeling as Decision-Aid for Farmers: Adapting Weed Management to a Changing Climate. Ruth Sexton*, Eric Gallandt; University of Maine, Orono, ME	140
Identifying Herbicide Injury in Potato. Andrew P. Robinson*; North Dakota State University / University of Minnesota, Fargo, ND	141
Useful Wild Plants of Texas....A Resource for Weed Scientists That Need to Know More Than How to Kill Plants. John D. Byrd, Jr.*; Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS	142
Update to the Herbicide Resistance Action Committee Classification on Mode of Action. Rex A. Liebl*¹, Jeffrey Epp², Bernd Laber³, Hubert Menne³, James Morris⁴, Matthias Witschel⁵; ¹BASF Corp, Raleigh, NC, ²Corteva Agriscience, Indianapolis, IN, ³Bayer AG Crop Science, Frankfurt, Germany, ⁴Syngenta, Bracknell, United Kingdom, ⁵BASF SE, Ludwigshafen, Germany	143
University of Tennessee Dicamba Stewardship Education Efforts. Larry Steckel, Ginger Rowsey*; University of Tennessee, Jackson, TN	144
Montana Noxious Weed Survey: Has 25 Years of Education Been Effective? Shantell A. Frame-Martin*¹, Jane Mangold², Eric Raile²; ¹Montana Noxious Weed Education Campaign, Bozeman, MT, ²Montana State University, Bozeman, MT	145
Undergraduate Students Self-Assess Learning Gains. Karen A. Renner*; Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI	146
Efforts in Weed Management Outreach for Urban &Amp; Community Audiences in California. Karey Windbiel-Rojas*¹, Maggie Reiter², John A. Roncoroni³; ¹University of California Statewide IPM Program, Davis, CA, ²University of California Cooperative Extension, Fresno, CA, ³University of California Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Napa, CA	147
The Weedy and Invasive Plant Species Community of the American Society of Agronomy: Activities and Opportunities. Anil Shrestha*¹, Sharon Clay²; ¹California State University, Fresno, Fresno, CA, ²South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD	148
Unseen Flowers: Weed Macro Photography Update. Robert F. Norris*; University of California, Davis, Davis, CA	149
National Pesticide Safety Education Center (NPSEC): Supporting Territory Pesticide Safety Education Programs (PSEPs). Kerry Richards*¹, Carroll Moseley²; ¹National Pesticide Safety Education Center, Port Matilda, PA, ²Syngenta, High Point, NC	150
POSTER - 08. FORMULATION, ADJUVANT, & APPLICATION TECHNOLOGY
Efficacy and Economic Analysis of Light Activated Weed Seeking Spray Technology in Eastern Washington Fallow Systems. Lydia S. Fields*¹, Rachel J. Zuger¹, Derek Appel², Ian Burke¹; ¹Washington State University, Pullman, WA, ²Washington State University, Davenport, WA	151
Evaluating Spray Nozzles at Lower Heights and Pressures for Circular Application. Haosheng Lin*¹, Joseph Neal², Gary Roberson², Sierra Young², Ramon G. Leon²; ¹North Carolina State University, Cary, NC, ²North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC	152
Soybean Response to Dicamba Tank Contamination, Particle Drift, and Vapor. Frances B. Browne*¹, Steve Li¹, Katilyn J. Price¹, Ryan D. Langemeier¹, Greg R. Kruger²; ¹Auburn University, Auburn, AL, ²University of Nebraska-Lincoln, North Platte, NE	153
A Novel Fluorescent Compound to Measure Herbicide Physical Drift. Vijay Nandula*; USDA-ARS, Stoneville, MS	154
Enlist^TM Herbicides with Colex-D Technology for On-Target Applications. David M. Simpson*; Corteva, Indianapolis, IN	155
Introducing Four New Adjuvants from AgraSyst for Herbicide Use. Jim T. Daniel*¹, Scott Parrish²; ¹Daniel Ag Consulting, Keenesburg, CO, ²AGRASYST, Spokane, WA	156
Herbicide Influence on Bradyrhizobia Growth. Joy Amajioyi¹, Sharon Clay*²; ¹South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, ²SDSU, Brookings, SD	157
Impact of Carrier Volume Rate on Efficacy of PRE-Emergence Herbicides in Wisconsin Cropping Systems. Ryan P. DeWerff*, Maxwel Coura Oliveira, Sarah V. Striegel, Rodrigo Werle; University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WV	158
The Utility of a Planter Mounted Pulse Width Modulation Spray System. Ryan P. DeWerff*, Nicholas J. Arneson, Rodrigo Werle; University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WV	159
POSTER - 09. WEED BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY
Germination Response of Downy Brome, Wild Oat, and Italian Ryegrass to Gibberellic Acid in Palouse Silt Loam. Madisyn R. Beaudoin*, Rachel J. Zuger, Ian Burke; Washington State University, Pullman, WA	160
Effects of Tillage and Pesticides on Weed Seedling Emergence Over a Growing Season. Samuel A. Palmer*¹, Benjamin Fehr², Richard G. Smith²; ¹University of New Hampshire, Epsom, NH, ²University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH	161
*Using Biology to Better Inform Marestail (Conyza canadensis) Management.* Ryan Collins*¹, Erin Haramoto¹, Karla L. Gage², Brent Sunderlage², Anita Dille³, Reid Smeda⁴; ¹University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, ²Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL, ³Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, ⁴University of Missouri, Columbia, MO	162
*Evaluating Evapotranspiration and Growth of Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) in a Corn/Soybean and Non-crop Situation Under Subsurface Drip and Center-pivot Irrigation Systems.* Jasmine M. Mausbach*¹, Suat Irmak¹, John Lindquist¹, Debalin Sarangi², Amit J. Jhala¹; ¹University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, ²University of Wyoming, Powell, WY	163
*Genetics of Dioecy in Amaranthus tuberculatus* and A. palmeri: an Update.** Jacob S. Montgomery*, Darci A. Giacomini, Patrick Tranel; University of Illinois, Urbana, IL	164
*Confirmation of Glyphosate Resistance in a Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) Biotype from Missouri.* Sarah E. Dixon*, Reid Smeda; University of Missouri, Columbia, MO	165
*Germination Patterns of California Weedy Rice (Oryza sativa* f. spontaneae Rosh.) at Various Temperature and Water Potential Combinations Under Controlled Conditions.** Liberty B. Galvin*, Mohsen B. Mesgaran, Kassim Al-Khatib; University of California, Davis, Davis, CA	166
*Determining the Origin of Glyphosate Resistant Amaranthus palmeri* (Palmer Amaranth) in South America by Comparison of Extrachromosomal Circular DNA (eccDNA) EPSPS Replicon.** Crystal D. Sparks*¹, Todd A. Gaines¹, Paul Neve², Anita Kuepper³, Gancho Slavov², Martin Vila-Aiub⁴, Alejandro Garcia⁵, Aldo Merotto⁶; ¹Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, ²Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom, ³Bayer Cropscience, Frankfurt, Germany, ⁴University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina, ⁵INIA Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay, ⁶University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil	167
*Population Structure of Russian-thistle (Salsola tragus L.) in the Inland Pacific Northwest.* Ian Burke, Drew J. Lyon, John F. Spring, Samuel R. Revolinski*; Washington State University, Pullman, WA	168
*Interspecific Gene Flow Between Sorghum bicolor* and S. halepense with and without Self-Pollen Competition.** Cynthia Sias*, Blake L. Young, Daniel Hathcoat, George Hodnett, William Rooney, Muthukumar V. Bagavathiannan; Texas A&M University, College Station, TX	169
*Evolution of Resistance to HPPD-inhibiting Herbicides in a Wild Radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) Population Via Enhanced Herbicide Metabolism.* Huan Lu*¹, Qin Yu², Heping Han², Mechelle J. Owen², Stephen B. Powles³; ¹University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia, ²University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia, ³University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia	170
The European Project IWMPRAISE: Integrated Weed Management in Olive Orchards of Spain. Veronica Pedraza¹, Irache Garnica², Juan A. Lezaun², Jose L. Gonzalez-Andujar*³; ¹CSIC, Cordoba, Spain, ²INTIASA, Villaba, Spain, ³Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (CSIC), Cordoba, Spain	171
*Identification of Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) Resistant to Dithiopyr and Dinitroaniline Herbicides.* Joseph S. McElroy*¹, John M. Peppers², Nathan D. Hall¹, Elijah C. Russell¹, James Harris¹, Jinesh D. Patel¹; ¹Auburn University, Auburn, AL, ²Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA	172
Light Quality and Weed Seed Germination: What We Have Learnt and the Practical Application Potential. Albert T. Adjesiwor*, Andrew R. Kniss; University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY	173
*Risk Assessment and Tools for Monitoring Herbicide-Resistance Evolution in Weedy Sorghum..* John Lindquist*¹, Melinda Yerka², Brigitte Tenhumberg¹, Amit J. Jhala¹, Rodrigo Werle³; ¹University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, ²University of Nevada - Reno, Reno, NV, ³University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WV	174
*Multiple Resistance to ACCase, ALS and EPSPS Inhibiting Herbicides in the Genus Lolium.* Jose G. V�zquez Garcia*¹, Ricardo Alc�ntara-de la Cruz², Candelario Palma-Bautista¹, Hugo Enrique Cruz-Hipolito¹, Joel Torra³, Antonia M. Rojano-Delgado¹, Rafael De Prado¹; ¹University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain, ²Universidade Federal de S�o Carlos, S�o Carlos, Brazil, ³Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain	175
*Multiple Herbicide Resistance in Parthenium hysterophorus* from Central America.** Candelario Palma Bautista*¹, Jose G. V�zquez-Garc�a¹, Hugo Enrique Cruz-Hipolito¹, Guido Plaza², Ver�nica Hoyos³, Joel Torra⁴, Antonia M. Rojano-Delgado¹, Rafael De Prado¹; ¹University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain, ²Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogot�, Colombia, ³Universidad del Magdalena, Santa Marta, Colombia, ⁴Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain	176
*Relationship Between Glyphosate Resistance and Root Fluorescence in Italian Ryegrass (Lolium perenne* L. spp. multiflorum) Populations from Oregon.** Andr�ia Kazumi Suzukawa*, Carol Mallory-Smith, Andrew G. Hulting, Caio A. Brunharo; Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR	177
Chloris radiata Resistant to EPSPS and ALS Inhibitors from Colombia. Veronica Hoyos¹, Guido Plaza², Jose G. V�zquez Garc�a³, Candelario Palma-Bautista³, Antonia M. Rojano-Delgado³, Rafael De Prado*³; ¹Universidad del Magdalena, Santa Marta, Colombia, ²Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogot�, Colombia, ³University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain	178
*Characterization of Bromus* Species Using SSR Markers.** Jos� G. V�zquez Garc�a¹, Patricia Castro², Teresa Millan², Rafael De Prado*²; ¹University of Cordoba, C�rdoba, Spain, ²University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain	179
Using Canopy Hyperspectral Reflectance Data to Distinguish Six Pigweeds. Reginald S. Fletcher*; Affiliation Not Specified, Greenville, MS	180
*Management of Downy Brome (Bromus tectorum* L.) in Fallow Systems with Indaziflam.** Tara L. Burke*¹, Derek Appel², Rachel J. Zuger³, Ian Burke³; ¹Washington State University, Albion, WA, ²Washington State University, Davenport, WA, ³Washington State University, Pullman, WA	181
The International Weed Genomics Consortium: a Resource for Weed Genomics. Sarah Morran*¹, Paul Neve², Eric L. Patterson³, Scott McElroy⁴, Roland S. Beffa⁵, Todd A. Gaines¹; ¹Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, ²Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom, ³Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, ⁴Auburn University, Auburn, AL, ⁵Bayer AG, CropScience Division, Frankfurt, Germany	182
*Genotyping Echinochloa* for Species Identification and Resistance.** Sarah Morran*, Todd A. Gaines; Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO	183
*Characterization of F₁ Hybrid Progenies Originating from Grain Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) x Johnsongrass (S. halepense) Crosses.* Nithya K. Subramanian*¹, Cynthia Sias¹, Usha Rani Pedireddi¹, Sara Ohadi², Daniel Hathcoat¹, George Hodnett¹, William Rooney¹, Muthukumar V. Bagavathiannan¹; ¹Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, ²University of California, Davis, Davis, CA	184
*Understanding Gene Flow from Grain Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) to Johnsongrass (S. halepense).* Nithya K. Subramanian*, Daniel Lavy, Cynthia Sias, George Hodnett, William Rooney, Muthukumar V. Bagavathiannan; Texas A&M University, College Station, TX	185
*Predictive Habitat Modeling for Ventenata dubia (Ventenata).* Stacey N. Robbins*, Lisa J. Rew, Nicholas Fox; Montana State University, Bozeman, MT	186
*Waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) Seed Production and Seed Viability Following Injury from Sublethal Dicamba Dose.* Mark L. Bernards*, Faith Duke, Allyson M. Rumler, Alexis L. Meadows, Brent S. Heaton; Western Illinois University, Macomb, IL	187
POSTER - 10. BIOCONTROL OF WEEDS
Evaluation of Biofumigants in California Strawberry Nurseries. Nelly Guerra*; University of California, Davis, Davis, CA	188
POSTER - 11. PHYSIOLOGY
*Recurrent Selection with Fenoxaprop Decrease Echinochloa crus-galli* (Barnyardgrass) Control by Quinclorac.** Carlos Alberto Gonsiorkiewicz Rigon*¹, Luan Cutti², Guilherme Menegol Turra², Enrico Zilch Ferreira², Todd A. Gaines¹, Franck E. Dayan¹, Aldo Merotto Jr²; ¹Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, ²Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil	189
The Physiological Basis of Differential Resistance to PPO-Inhibiting Herbicides Used Pre- and Post-Emergent. Abigail Barker*, Franck E. Dayan; Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO	190
Altered Target Site-Based Resistance to Mesosulfuron, an ALS Inhibitor, in Italian Ryegrass from Mississippi. Vijay Nandula*¹, Darci A. Giacomini², Jason A. Bond³; ¹USDA-ARS, Stoneville, MS, ²University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, ³Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MS	191
Defining the Locoweed-Fungal Endophyte Complex: A Common Garden Study Comparing Locoweed Stress Responses with and without its Fungal Endophyte. Barbara Keith*¹, Megan Hofland¹, Sarah Ward², David K. Weaver¹, Tracy M. Sterling³; ¹Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, ²Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, ³Affiliation Not Specified, Bozeman, MT	192
*Inhibitions of Goosegrass (Eleusine indica* L. Gaertn.) and Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] Germination, Growth, and Development by Cover Crop Residues.** Avat Shekoofa*¹, Larry Steckel¹, Clay M. Perkins¹, Virginia Sykes²; ¹University of Tennessee, Jackson, TN, ²University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN	193
Identification of Candidate Genes on Wheat Group 5 Chromosomes Associated with Halauxifen-Methyl Tolerance. Olivia A. Obenland, Brendan V. Jamison, Dean E. Riechers*; University of Illinois, Urbana, IL	194
Root System Architecture and Genes Associated with Allelopathy in Weedy Rice. Brooklyn C. Schumaker¹, Swati Shrestha², Shandrea D. Stallworth², Auriana P. Tucker², Te-Ming (Paul) Tseng*²; ¹Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, ²Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS	195
Herbicide Physiology Online: A Multi-Institutional Course Spanning a Decade. Tracy M. Sterling*¹, William Dyer², Sarah Ward³, Lynn Igegneri⁴, Erin E. Burns⁵, Fabian D. Menalled², Deana Namuth-Covert⁶, Mithila Jugulam⁷; ¹Affiliation Not Specified, Bozeman, MT, ²Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, ³Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, ⁴Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, ⁵Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, ⁶Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, ⁷Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS	196
*A Genetic Map for Amaranthus tuberculatus.* Brent P. Murphy*, Darci A. Giacomini, Jacob S. Montgomery, Patrick Tranel; University of Illinois, Urbana, IL	197
EPSPS Gene Copy Number of Glyphosate-Resistant Common Waterhemp Biotypes from Eastern Nebraska Counties. Rachana A. Jhala*¹, Todd A. Gaines², Crystal D. Sparks², Stevan Knezevic³, Amit J. Jhala¹; ¹University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, ²Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, ³University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Concord, NE	198
POSTER - 12. SOIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS
Seasonal Fluctuations of 2,4-D and Dicamba Concentrations in Bulk Deposition Samples Collected Throughout Missouri in 2019. Eric Oseland*¹, Robert Lerch², Mandy Bish¹, Kevin W. Bradley¹; ¹University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, ²USDA-ARS, Columbia, MO	199
Effects of Repeated Herbicide Applications on Soil Microbial Communities: an Analysis of Microbial Fitness. Katie Martin*¹, Brad Hanson²; ¹University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, ²University of California, Davis, Winters, CA	200
Optimizing Chemical Analysis of Dicamba Residues from Polyurethane Foam (PUF) Samples. Shelby E. Lanz*, Tom Mueller; University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN	201
Role of Bonechar in Indaziflam Efficiency on Weed Control. Kassio F. Mendes*¹, Ivan F. Furtado¹, Kamila C. Mielke¹, Alessandro C. Lima¹, Larissa M. Mota¹, Rodrigo N. Sousa²; ¹Universidade Federal de Vi�osa, Vi�osa, Brazil, ²ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba, Brazil	202
Transport of ¹⁴C-Mesotrione Through Soil Columns Under Different Physical-Chemical Properties. Rodrigo N. Sousa*¹, Kassio F. Mendes², Alessandro C. Lima², Kamila C. Mielke², Valdemar L. Tornisielo³; ¹ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba, Brazil, ²Universidade Federal de Vi�osa, Vi�osa, Brazil, ³CENA/USP, Piracicaba, Brazil	203
POSTER - 13. INTEGRATED WEED MANAGEMENT
*Rapid Detection of Herbicide-resistant Annual Ryegrass (Lolium rigidum).* Martina Badano Perez*, Danica Goggin, Roberto Busi, Hugh J. Beckie; University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia	204
Impacts of Winter Cover Crops on Weeds in Southwest Irrigated Agriculture. Prashasti Agarwal*, Erik A. Lehnhoff; New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM	205
*Winter Wheat Variety, Planting Date, and Herbicide Selection: Effects on Rescuegrass (Bromus catharticus) Management.* Hannah C. Lindell*¹, Misha R. Manuchehri¹, Todd A. Baughman², Emi Kimura³, Brett F. Carver¹, Lane S. Newlin¹, Justin T. Childers¹; ¹Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, ²Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, OK, ³Texas A&M AgriLife, College Station, TX	206
*Ecological and Economic Implications of Integrated Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) Management Strategies in Cotton.* Rodger B. Farr*¹, Jason K. Norsworthy¹, Tom Barber², Grant L. Priess¹, Mason C. Castner¹; ¹University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, ²University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Lonoke, AR	207
Efficacy of Cotton and Peanut Residual Herbicides in High Residue Cover Crop System. Katilyn J. Price*, Steve Li, Frances B. Browne, Ryan D. Langemeier; Auburn University, Auburn, AL	208
*Impact of Harvest-time and Post-harvest Seedbank Management Tactics for Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) in South-Central US Wheat Production.* Aniruddha Maity*¹, Blake L. Young¹, Lauren M. Lazaro², Nicholas Korres³, Jason K. Norsworthy⁴, Muthukumar V. Bagavathiannan¹; ¹Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, ²Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA, ³USDA-ARS, Urbana, IL, ⁴University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR	209
Weed-Microbial Competition for Nitrogen in Soils Amended with Carbon: A New Soil Modification Tool for Weed Management? Maria A. Gannett*; Cornell University, Ithaca, NY	210
The Search for Herbicidal Natural Products from the Plants of Hawai'i. Joey Ooka*, Sherry-Ann Hara, Daniel K. Owens; University of Hawaii, Manoa, Honolulu, HI	211
*Population Dynamics of Common Waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis) Under Short-term Versus Diversified Cropping Systems, a Matrix Modeling Approach.* Matt Liebman, Huong Nguyen*; Iowa State University, Ames, IA	212
*Evaluation of PtxD-Phosphite as a Weed Control System in Cotton.* Shilpa Singh*, Devendra Pandeya, Keerti Rathore, Muthukumar V. Bagavathiannan; Texas A&M University, College Station, TX	213
*First Report of Multiple Herbicide Resistance in Ragweed Parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus* L.) from Texas.** Shilpa Singh*¹, Vijay Singh², Joshua A. McGinty³, Muthukumar V. Bagavathiannan¹; ¹Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, ²Virginia Tech, Painter, VA, ³Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service, Corpus Christi, TX	214
Effect of Four Summer Cover Crop Species and Planting Timing on Weed Suppression, Soil Moisture Dynamics, and Yield in Corn. Spencer L. Samuelson*, Muthukumar V. Bagavathiannan; Texas A&M University, College Station, TX	215
*Evaluation of Non-chemical Tactics for Managing Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense).* Spencer L. Samuelson*, Leonard Herndon, Muthukumar V. Bagavathiannan; Texas A&M University, College Station, TX	216
Synthesizing Images for Semantic Segmentation of Weed Species in an Airborne RGB Imagery. Chengsong Hu*¹, Bishwa B. Sapkota¹, Steven B. Mirsky², Muthukumar V. Bagavathiannan¹; ¹Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, ²USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD	217
Virtual Agriculture: Modeling 3D Structure and Phenological Developments of Crops and Weeds. Chengsong Hu*, Muthukumar V. Bagavathiannan; Texas A&M University, College Station, TX	218
Dry Bean Responses to 2,4-D Ester Applied Preplant and Preemergence. Nader Soltani*, Peter H. Sikkema; University of Guelph, Ridgetown, ON, Canada	219
Getting Rid of Weeds Through Integrated Weed Management. Claudio G. Rubione*¹, Mark VanGessel¹, Lauren M. Lazaro², Michael L. Flessner³, Kara Pittman³, Muthukumar V. Bagavathiannan⁴, Lovreet S. Shergill⁵, Steven B. Mirsky⁶, Victoria Ackroyd⁷; ¹University of Delaware, Georgetown, DE, ²Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA, ³Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, ⁴Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, ⁵USDA-ARS & University of Delaware, Beltsville, MD, ⁶USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD, ⁷USDA, Beltsville, MD	220
Harvest Weed Seed Control in Wheat Production Systems of the PNW. Judit Barroso*¹, Carolina San Martin Hernandez², Jennifer A. Gourlie¹, Stewart B. Wuest³, Mark Thorne⁴, Kyle Roerig⁵, Andrew G. Hulting⁵; ¹Oregon State University, Adams, OR, ²Oregon State University, Pendleton, OR, ³USDA-ARS, Adams, OR, ⁴Washington State University, Pullman, WA, ⁵Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR	221
*Evaluation of Herbicides for Potential Use in an Integrated Release Method of Trichogramma ostriniae.* Jeffrey D. Cluever¹, Robert Wright², Nevin Lawrence¹, Jeff Bradshaw*¹; ¹University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Scottsbluff, NE, ²University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE	222
*Control Alternatives in Carduus acanthoides* Resistant to 2,4-D and Glyphosate.** Candelario Palma-Bautista*¹, Pablo Belluccini², Valentin Gentiletti³, Jose G. Vazquez Garc�a¹, Antonia M. Rojano-Delgado¹, Rafael De Prado¹; ¹University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain, ²INTA Marcos Juarez, Cordoba, Argentina, ³ETS Ingenieros Agronomos, Camilo Aldao, Argentina	223
Efficacy of Indazaflam on Downy Brome Control in Northern Nevada. Charlie D. Clements*; USDA-ARS, Reno, NV	224
Total Weed and Nutsedge Populations in Fall Vs. Spring Planted Crops Following Different Cultivation Types and Frequency During the Fallow Period. Peter J. Dittmar*, Danielle D. Treadwell; University of Florida, Gainesville, FL	225
Broadleaf Weed Population and Diversity Following Different Cultivation Types and Frequency Before Fall or Spring Vegetable Crops. Peter J. Dittmar*, Danielle D. Treadwell; University of Florida, Gainesville, FL	226
*Using Unmanned Aerial Systems for Early Prediction of Competitive Interactions Between Italian Ryegrass (Lolium perenne* Ssp. multiflorum) and Wheat.** Bishwa B. Sapkota*¹, Vijay Singh², Clark Neely³, Muthukumar V. Bagavathiannan¹; ¹Texas A&M university, College Station, TX, ²Virginia Tech, Painter, VA, ³Washington State University, Pullman, WA	227
Advanced Machine Learning Approaches for Evaluation of Herbicide Drift Injury in Cotton. Bishwa B. Sapkota*, Muthukumar V. Bagavathiannan; Texas A&M university, College Station, TX	228
Weed Classification Using Unmanned Aerial Systems-based Imagery. Vijay Singh*¹, Chi Zhaohui², Da Huo², Michael Bishop², Anthony Filippi², Muthukumar V. Bagavathiannan²; ¹Virginia Tech, Painter, VA, ²Texas A&M University, College Station, TX	229
Efficacy of Unmanned Aerial System-based Herbicide Applications. Vijay Singh*¹, Daniel Martin², Mohamed Latheef², Bishwa B. Sapkota³, Muthukumar V. Bagavathiannan³; ¹Virginia Tech, Painter, VA, ²United States Department of Agriculture, College Station, TX, ³Texas A&M university, College Station, TX	230
Nozzle Type Effect on Coverage, Canopy Penetration, and Weed Control Using Enlist One and Liberty in Enlist E3 Soybeans. Ashley N. McCormick*¹, Troy W. Dillon², Brad M. Davis², Thomas R. Butts², Collie M. Leah²; ¹University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Newport, AR, ²University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Lonoke, AR	231
Reimagining the Use of Electricity to Kill Weeds. Erik A. Lehnhoff*, Donovan Bailey, Paul Neher; New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM	232
Competition Between Canada Thistle and Crops in Organic Cropping Systems of the Northern Great Plains. Daniel Chichinsky¹, Tim Seipel*¹, Perry Miller¹, Fabian D. Menalled¹, Patrick Carr², Greta G. Gramig³; ¹Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, ²Montana State University - Central Ag Research Center, Moccasin, MT, ³North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND	233
Integration of Cultural Practices and Herbicides for Weed Control in Grain Sorghum and Soybean. Vipan Kumar*¹, Rui Liu¹, Natalie Aquilina¹, Taylor Lambert¹, Ramsamy Perumal¹, Troy Ostmeyer¹, Andrew Tucker²; ¹Kansas State University, Hays, KS, ²Fort Hays State University, Hays, KS	234
*Common Waterhemp (Amaranthus tubercualtus): Directed Energy Manangement of Weed Seed Bank in Corn.* Cadance A. Lowell*¹, Marcus Nagle¹, Deng Cao¹, Jon Jackson²; ¹Central state university, Wilberforce, OH, ²Global Neighbor, Inc., Centerville, OH	235
*Impact of Cotton Desiccants on Seed Viability of Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri).* Debalin Sarangi*¹, Kaisa M. Werner², Bojana Pilipovic², Peter A. Dotray³, Muthukumar V. Bagavathiannan²; ¹University of Wyoming, Powell, WY, ²Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, ³Texas Tech University and Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Service, Lubbock, TX	236
3MT - 3MT MS
Halauxifen-methyl: a Tool for Managing Glyphosate-resistant Weeds. Jessica E. Quinn*¹, Nader Soltani¹, Jamshid Ashigh², David C. Hooker¹, Darren E. Robinson¹, Peter H. Sikkema¹; ¹University of Guelph, Ridgetown, ON, Canada, ²Corteva Agriscience, London, ON, Canada	237
Diurnal Response to Dicamba and Glyphosate Applications on Broad-leaf Weed Species in Cotton. Jacob R. Kalina*¹, Timothy L. Grey¹, Christopher B. Corkern², Donn G. Shilling³, Nicholas T. Basinger³; ¹University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, ²Bayer Crop Sciences, Tifton, GA, ³University of Georgia, Athens, GA	238
*Evaluation of Active Ingredient and Application Timing on Chinese Tallow (Triadica sebifera) and Callery Pear (Pyrus calleryana) by Hack-and-squirt.* Hayden Quick*¹, John D. Byrd, Jr.¹, David Russell²; ¹Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, ²Auburn University, Madison, AL	239
Glyphosate Plus Dicamba Efficacy as Influenced by Spray Nozzle Design and Weed Density. Madison D. Kramer*¹, Zach Perry², Travis Legleiter³; ¹University of Kentucky, Lynn, IN, ²University of Kentucky, Paducah, KY, ³University of Kentucky, Princeton, KY	240
*Mechanism of the Exclusive Reliance on ALS1* and ALS3 in the Evolution of Herbicide Resistance in Monochoria (Monochoria vaginalis).** Shinji Tanigaki*; Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan	241
The Influence of Adjuvants on Tolpyralate Efficacy. Nicole M. Langdon*¹, Peter H. Sikkema¹, Darren E. Robinson¹, Alan J. Raedar², David C. Hooker¹; ¹University of Guelph, Ridgetown, ON, Canada, ²ISK Biosciences Inc., Concord, OH	242
*Overwinter Survival of Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) Rhizomes in Nebraska and Kansas.* Samantha D. Isaacson*, Amit J. Jhala, John Lindquist; University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE	243
The Continued Fight Against Glyphosate Resistant Horseweed (Erigeron Canadensis (L.)). Francois Tardif¹, Emily L. Priester*², Clarence Swanton³, Eric R. Page⁴; ¹University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, ²University of Guelph, Tillsonburg, ON, Canada, ³University of Guelph, Guelph, AZ, Canada, ⁴Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Harrow, ON, Canada	244
Cucumber Tolerance to Glufosinate At-planting. Taylor M. Randell*, Jenna C. Vance, A Stanley Culpepper; University of Georgia, Tifton, GA	245
Impacts of Glyphosate on Citrus Health and Productivity. Biwek Gairhe*, Ramdas Kanissery; University of Florida, Immokalee, FL	246
Young Peanut Physiological Response to Flumioxazin Applications Across Multiple Planting Dates and Seed Vigors. Nicholas L. Hurdle*¹, Timothy L. Grey², Eric P. Prostko², Walter S. Monfort², Cristiane Pilon²; ¹University of Georgia, Collierville, TN, ²University of Georgia, Tifton, GA	247
*Impact of Droplet Size and Carrier Volume on Soybean (Glycine max)* Harvest Aid Efficacy.** Steven D. Hall*¹, Darrin M. Dodds², Greg R. Kruger³, Jon T. Irby², Jacob P. McNeal², Lucas X. Franca², John J. Williams², Bradley J. Norris², William J. Rutland¹; ¹Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, ²Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, ³University of Nebraska-Lincoln, North Platte, NE	248
*Effect of Herbicides Applied at First Visible Female Inflorescence on Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) Fecundity and Seed Viability.* Eric B. Scruggs*, Michael L. Flessner; Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA	249
Utility of Potassium Borate as a Volatility Reduction Agent and its Impact on Weed Control in Xtend� Crops. Mason C. Castner*, Jason K. Norsworthy, Trenton L. Roberts; University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR	250
HPPD Tolerant Cotton Response, Weed Management, and Tank Mix Partners with Isoxaflutole. Delaney C. Foster*¹, Peter A. Dotray², Corey Thompson³, Greg Baldwin⁴, Frederick Moore⁵; ¹Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, ²Texas Tech University and Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Service, Lubbock, TX, ³BASF, Abernathy, TX, ⁴BASF, Research Triangle Park, NC, ⁵BASF, Lubbock, TX	251
Control of Glyphosate/Glufosinate-Resistant Volunteer Corn in Corn Resistant to Aryloxyphenoxypropionates. Adam Striegel*¹, Stevan Knezevic², Nevin Lawrence³, Jeffery Krumm⁴, Gary Hein¹, Amit J. Jhala¹; ¹University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, ²University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Concord, NE, ³University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Scottsbluff, NE, ⁴Corteva Agriscience, Hastings, NE	252
*Understanding Interspecific Hybridization Between Sorghum bicolor* and its Weedy Congener S. halepense.** Cynthia Sias*, Blake L. Young, Daniel Hathcoat, George Hodnett, William Rooney, Muthukumar V. Bagavathiannan; Texas A&M University, College Station, TX	253
3MT - 3MT PHD
*A Target Site Mutation Confers Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase (PPO)-resistance in Wild Poinsettia (Euphorbia heterophylla* L.).** Rafael R. Mendes*¹, Hudson K. Takano², Fernando Storniolo Adegas³, Rubem S. Oliveira Jr.¹, Todd A. Gaines², Franck E. Dayan²; ¹Maringa State University, Maringa, Brazil, ²Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, ³Embrapa Soybean, Londrina, Brazil	254
Shedding Light on the Power of Plant Competition. Nicole Berardi*¹, Clarence Swanton²; ¹University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, ²University of Guelph, Guelph, AZ, Canada	255
Evolved Resistance to Herbicides in Palmer Amaranth Accessions Collected in the North Carolina Coastal Plain. Denis J. Mahoney*; North Carolina State University, Clayton, NC	256
Sweetpotato Tolerance to Indaziflam. Stephen C. Smith*¹, Katherine M. Jennings¹, David W. Monks¹, Michael R. Schwarz², David L. Jordan¹, Chris Reberg-Horton¹; ¹North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, ²Affiliation Not Specified, Raleigh, NC	257
*Application Timing on Control of Echinochloa.* Clay M. Perkins*¹, Larry Steckel¹, Thomas C. Mueller², Marshall Hay³, Ethan T. Parker³; ¹University of Tennessee, Jackson, TN, ²University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, ³Syngenta, Vero Beach, FL	258
Exploring the Impacts of Weeds in Perennial Grain Crops. Eugene P. Law*¹, Matthew R. Ryan¹, Antonio DiTommaso²; ¹Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, ²Cornell University, Dryden, NY	259
*Cover Crops for Suppressing Weeds in Citrus (Citrus sinensis) Row-Middles.* Ramdas Kanissery¹, Miurel T. Brewer*², Davie M. Kadyampakeni³; ¹University of Florida, Immokalee, FL, ²University of Florida, Arcadia, FL, ³University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL	260
Understanding Herbicide Resistance Through the Lens of Epigenetics. Gourav Sharma*, Jacob Barney, Shawn Askew, James Westwood, David Haak, Liqing Zhang, Suzanne Lalibrate; Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA	261
Quantifying 2,4-D and Dicamba Dissipation from Plastic Mulch Using Analytical and Bioassay Techniques. Lavesta C. Hand*, Kayla M. Eason, Taylor M. Randell, Timothy L. Grey, A Stanley Culpepper; University of Georgia, Tifton, GA	262
*Fine Tuning Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) Control for Northern Bermudagrass.* John Brewer*, Jordan M. Craft, Shawn Askew; Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA	263
*Testing Rangeland Drought Resistance in the Presence of Ventenata (Ventenata dubia).* Marshall Hart*¹, Brian Mealor²; ¹University of Wyoming, Sheridan, WY, ²University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY	264
*The Effect of Low-Dose Dicamba Applications on Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), Lima Bean (Phaseolus lunatus) and Southern Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata).* Hannah E. Wright*¹, Thomas Gray², John Shugart³, A Stanley Culpepper⁴; ¹University of Georgia, Athens, GA, ²Georgia Department of Agriculture, Atlanta, GA, ³Georgia Department of Agriculture, Tifton, GA, ⁴University of Georgia, Tifton, GA	265
Using Linuron to Improve Sweetpotato Production. Levi D. Moore*, Katherine M. Jennings, David W. Monks, Michael D. Boyette, David L. Jordan, Ramon G. Leon; North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC	266
Adapting Integrated Pest Management for Weeds in Almonds. Steven C. Haring*; University of California, Davis, Davis, CA	267
Characterization of Trifludimoxazin, a New Herbicide for Use in Soybean Production Systems. Nicholas R. Steppig*¹, Bryan G. Young²; ¹Purdue University, Lafayette, IN, ²Purdue University, Brookston, IN	268
Advanced Image Analysis for Weed Species Segmentation in Cotton. Bishwa B. Sapkota*, Muthukumar V. Bagavathiannan; Texas A&M university, College Station, TX	269
*Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) Defoliation as Affected by Carrier Volume and Droplet Size.* Jacob P. McNeal*¹, Darrin M. Dodds¹, Greg R. Kruger², John J. Williams¹, Bradley J. Norris¹, Steven D. Hall³, William J. Rutland³; ¹Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, ²University of Nebraska-Lincoln, North Platte, NE, ³Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS	270
Effect of Herbicide Program, Spray Droplet Size, and Drift Reduction Agent on Glufosinate Efficacy. John J. Williams*¹, Darrin M. Dodds¹, Jacob P. McNeal¹, Steven D. Hall², Bradley J. Norris¹, William J. Rutland²; ¹Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, ²Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS	271
*The Genetic Diversity of Amaranthus tuberculatus: a Success Story in the American Midwest.* Brent P. Murphy*, Patrick Tranel; University of Illinois, Urbana, IL	272
Chromatography: the Key to Quantifying Herbicide Dissipation. Kayla M. Eason*, Timothy L. Grey, A Stanley Culpepper; University of Georgia, Tifton, GA	273
Making a Better Glufosinate: Alleviating Environmental Parameters and Improving Efficacy. Grant L. Priess*, Jason K. Norsworthy; University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR	274
Spray Away the Herbicide Antagonism. Justin S. Calhoun*¹, J Connor Ferguson², Luke H. Merritt², Kayla L. Broster², Zachary R. Treadway², Michael T. Wesley Jr.²; ¹Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, ²Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS	275
Ecological Management of Kochia in Irrigated Western Cropping Systems. Ramawatar Yadav*¹, Prashant Jha¹, Andrew R. Kniss², Nevin Lawrence³, Gustavo Sbatella²; ¹Iowa State University, Ames, IA, ²University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, ³University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Scottsbluff, NE	276
Microbial Contributions to Weed Suppression in Conventional and Organic Farm Soils. Liang Cheng*¹, Jenny Kao-Kniffin¹, Antonio DiTommaso²; ¹Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, ²Cornell University, Dryden, NY	277
SYMPOSIUM - 4. THE ECOLOGICAL AND BIODIVERSITY IMPACT OF INVASIVE GRASS SPECIES AND THEIR MANAGEMENT
Introduction to Symposium. Lisa J. Rew*; Montana State University, Bozeman, MT	278
*Lehmann Lovegrass (Eragrostis lehmanniana) Ecological Impacts and Management Opportunities.* Erik A. Lehnhoff*, Sherri Buerdsell, Andrew Dominguez, Nicole Pietrasiak; New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM	279
Reducing Invasive Grass Populations in Garry Oak Ecosystems Over the Long-term Via Mowing or Grazer Exclusion. David R. Clements*¹, Vanessa L. Jones¹, Joy Marconato¹, Emily K. Gonzales², Virginia Oeggerli¹, Jessica Brouwer¹; ¹Trinity Western University, Langley, BC, Canada, ²Parks Canada, Vancouver, BC, Canada	280
Plant Community Response Following Invasive Annual Grass Control in the Intermountain West. Corey V. Ransom*; Utah State University, Logan, UT	281
*Ventenata (Ventenata dubia) Management in Northern Mixed Prairie: Implications for Ecosystem Goods and Services.* Marshall Hart*¹, Brian Mealor²; ¹University of Wyoming, Sheridan, WY, ²University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY	282
*The Impacts of Downy Brome (Bromus tectorum) on Pasture Forage Quality and Quantity in Colorado.* Jacob Courkamp*; Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO	283
Perspectives on the Ecological Impacts of Annual Grasses Across the Great Divide. Lisa J. Rew¹, Timothy S. Prather*²; ¹Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, ²University of Idaho, Moscow, ID	284
Bring Back Bees: Controlling Invasive Annual Grasses Restores Native Flowering Plants and Their Pollinators. Arathi Seshadri*; USDA ARS/WRRC/ISPH, Davis, CA	285
Quail in the Grass: Controlling Cheatgrass to Enhance Nesting and Brood-rearing Habitat for Bobwhite Quail and Other Grassland Birds. Noe Marymor*; USDA-NRCS, Greeley, CO	286
Facilitated Discussion. Lisa J. Rew*; Montana State University, Bozeman, MT	287
ORAL - 01. AGRONOMIC CROPS
Glyphosate and AMPA Persistence and Distribution in Soils Under Field Conditions in the Midwestern USA. Robert J. Kremer*; University of Missouri, Columbia, MO	288
Developing a Predictive Yield Loss Model for Sensitive Soybeans Exposed to Dicamba. Jerri Lynn Henry*¹, Reid Smeda¹, Jason Weirich²; ¹University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, ²Affiliation Not Specified, Columbia, MO	289
Implications of Dicamba and 2,4-D Tank Contamination Across Enlist and Xtend Soybean Varieties. Bryan G. Young*¹, N. Cade Hayden², Matthew Osterholt², Mandy Bish³, Kevin W. Bradley³, Shawn P. Conley⁴, William G. Johnson², Greg R. Kruger⁵, Jason K. Norsworthy⁶, Daniel B. Reynolds⁷, Larry Steckel⁸; ¹Purdue University, Brookston, IN, ²Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, ³University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, ⁴University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WV, ⁵University of Nebraska-Lincoln, North Platte, NE, ⁶University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, ⁷Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, ⁸University of Tennessee, Jackson, TN	290
Dicamba Rate Influences on Fruiting in Sensitive Cotton. Kyle R. Russell*¹, Peter A. Dotray², Irish L. B. Pabuayon¹, Glen L. Ritchie¹; ¹Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, ²Texas Tech University and Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Service, Lubbock, TX	291
Influence of Carrier Water Characteristics and Adjuvants on Dicamba Volatilization in a Controlled Environment. Matthew Osterholt*¹, Hayden C. Hayden¹, Julie M. Young², Manoj S. Ghaste¹, William G. Johnson¹, Joshua R. Widhalm¹, Bryan G. Young²; ¹Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, ²Purdue University, Brookston, IN	292
Dicamba Research Update. Thomas C. Mueller*¹, Larry Steckel²; ¹University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, ²University of Tennessee, Jackson, TN	293
Influence of pH Buffers on Volatility of Dicamba Tank Mixtures. Ryan D. Langemeier*, Steve Li, Katilyn J. Price, Frances B. Browne; Auburn University, Auburn, AL	294
Greenhouse Evaluation of Suspected Resistance to XtendiMax� Herbicide with VaporGrip� Technology as Part of the Conditions of Registration. Daljit Singh*¹, Sean Evans², Jeffrey E. Herrmann³, Chandrashekar Aradhya¹; ¹Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, MO, ²Bayer Crop Science, Jacksonville, IL, ³Bayer Crop Science, Creve Coeur, MO	295
Engenia Herbicide for 2020. Tracy Rowlandson*; BASF, Raleigh, NC	296
Enlist E3^TM Soybean Weed Control and Crop Tolerance. David M. Simpson*; Corteva, Indianapolis, IN	297
*PPO-resistant Amaranthus* Species Control in XtendFlex� Soybeans.** Neha Rana*¹, Blake Barlow², Ryan E. Rapp³, Rod Stevenson⁴; ¹Bayer Crop Science, St Louis, MO, ²Bayer Crop Science, Hallsville, MO, ³Bayer CropScience, Mitchell, SD, ⁴Bayer Crop Science, Lansing, MI	298
ORAL - 02. HORTICULTURAL CROPS
Pyroxasulfone for Faba Bean and Safflower Production. Harlene M. Hatterman-Valenti*, Johnson M. Burton, Auwarter M. Collin, Kutay Yilmaz; North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND	299
Strawberry Tolerance and Flumioxazin Persistence Under Plastic Mulch in Florida Strawberry. Nathan Boyd*¹, Ramdas Kanissery²; ¹University of Florida, Balm, FL, ²University of Florida, Immokalee, FL	300
Weed Control in Organic Highbush Blueberries. Marcelo L. Moretti*; Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR	301
Screening of Herbicides for Selective Weed Control in Brassicaceous Crops. Ed Peachey*; Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR	302
Don't be a Wet Blanket - Hit the Bullseye in Potatoes with Targeted Tank Mixes. Pamela J.s. Hutchinson*; University of Idaho, Aberdeen, ID	303
Two Chipping Potato Cultivar Plant Back Responses When Mother Plants Received Sub-lethal Dicamba And/or Glyphosate Rates. Matthew Brooke, Collin M. Auwarter, Harlene M. Hatterman-Valenti*; North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND	304
Marking of Vegetable Crop Plants to Ensure Recognition by Automated Weeders. HannahJoy Kennedy¹, Steve Fennimore*¹, David Slaughter²; ¹University of California, Davis, Salinas, CA, ²University of California, Davis, Davis, CA	305
Inter-row Cultivation Integrated with Residual Herbicide Programs in Sugarbeet. Nathan H. Haugrud*¹, Thomas J. Peters²; ¹North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, ²North Dakota State University / University of Minnesota, Fargo, ND	306
Better Bunch: Evaluating the Impact of Sweetpotato Growth Habit on Yield and Weed Competition. Matthew A. Cutulle*¹, Phillip Wadl²; ¹Clemson University, Charleston, SC, ²USDA-ARS, Charleston, SC	307
*Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) Interference in Simulated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) Plant Beds.* Stephen L. Meyers*¹, T. Casey Barickman², Jeffrey L. Main³; ¹Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, ²Mississippi State University, Verona, MS, ³Mississippi State University, Pontotoc, MS	308
Trends in Collaboration: Minor Use Foundation, Inc. - Working with Governments, Grower Groups, and Specialty Crop and Minor Use Organizations on Techology Tools. Dirk C. Drost*; Minor Use Foundation, Inc, High Point, NC	309
The Effect of 2,4-D on Hazelnut Abscission. Larissa Larocca De Souza, Marcelo L. Moretti*; Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR	310
ORAL - 09. WEED BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY
Predict Invasive Potential of a Weed Likely to Increase with Climate Change. Hannah Duff*, Bruce Maxwell; Montana State University, Bozeman, MT	311
The Evolutionary Genomics of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Bridgit W. Vasiljevic*, Ulrich Lutz, Ilja Bezrukov, Detlef Weigel; Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, T�bingen, Germany	312
*Do Certain Nutrients and Plant-Soil Feedbacks Affect Ventenata dubia* (Ventenata) Seedling Growth?** Michelle L. Majeski*, Catherine Zabinski, Lisa J. Rew, Jane Mangold; Montana State University, Bozeman, MT	313
Developing Growing Degree Day Models to Manage Annual Polygonum Species in Western Washington. Steven S. Seefeldt*¹, Chris Benedict², Brian Maupin¹; ¹Washington State University, Mount Vernon, WA, ²Washington State University, Bellingham, WA	314
*EPSPS Gene Amplification Confers Glyphosate Resistance in Bromus tectorum* (Downy Brome).** Pragya Asthana*, Rachel J. Zuger, Rhoda Brew-Appiah, Karen Sanguinet, Ian Burke; Washington State University, Pullman, WA	315
*Escaping Proteolysis: A 27 Base Pair Deletion in AUX/IAA2 Degron Tail Confers Resistance to Auxinic Herbicides in Sisymbrium orientale.* Marcelo Figueiredo*¹, Anita K�pper², Christopher Preston³, Jenna Malone⁴, Tijana Petrovic⁴, Anireddy Reddy¹, Kasavajhala Prasad¹, Todd A. Gaines¹; ¹Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, ²Bayer, Frankfurt, Germany, ³University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, Australia, ⁴University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia	316
*Acetolactate Synthase Inhibitor Resistance in Ontario Populations of Chenopodium album* L.** Clement Mo*¹, Francois Tardif²; ¹University of Guelph, Markham, ON, Canada, ²University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada	317
Weighing the Mechanisms of Yield Loss: from the Bucket to the Field. Joe G. Ballenger*, Albert T. Adjesiwor, David A. Claypool, Andrew R. Kniss; University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY	318
*Horseweed (Erigeron canadensis) Emergence Time and Over-winter Mortality.* Erin Haramoto*¹, Ryan Collins¹, Anita Dille², Karla L. Gage³, Reid Smeda⁴, Brent Sunderlage³; ¹University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, ²Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, ³Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL, ⁴University of Missouri, Columbia, MO	319
*Status of Herbicide-Resistant Kochia (Bassia scoparia)* and Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) in Colorado.** Andrew D. Effertz*, Philip Westra, Eric P. Westra; Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO	320
Exploring the Dynamics of EPSPS and Abiotic Stress Genes in Kochia. Philip Westra*¹, Andrew D. Effertz¹, Todd A. Gaines¹, Crystal D. Sparks¹, Eric L. Patterson²; ¹Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, ²Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI	321
ORAL - 11. PHYSIOLOGY
Target Site-Based Resistance to ALS Inhibitors, Glyphosate, and PPO Inhibitors in a Palmer Amaranth Accession from Mississippi. Vijay Nandula*¹, Darci A. Giacomini², William T. Molin¹; ¹USDA-ARS, Stoneville, MS, ²University of Illinois, Urbana, IL	322
A Safener Does Influence Pacific Northwest Winter Wheat Varietal Response to Very-Long-Chain Fatty Acid-Inhibiting Herbicides. Damilola A. Raiyemo*¹, William J. Price¹, Traci Rauch¹, Joan M. Campbell¹, Fangming Xiao¹, Rong Ma², Timothy S. Prather¹; ¹University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, ²Bayer CropScience, Chesterfield, MO	323
Cyperus difformis ALS Cross-resistance Levels and Target-site Characterization. Alex R. Ceseski*, Kassim Al-Khatib; University of California, Davis, Davis, CA	324
*Simultaneous Overexpression of Three Cytochrome P450s is Involved in High Level Resistance to Diclofop-methyl in Multiple-herbicide Resistant Late Watergrass (Echinochloa phyllopogon).* Hiroe Suda*¹, Yusuke Yoshimoto¹, Kohei Kurata¹, Keisuke Tanaka², Satoru Tanaka², Takuya Yamaguchi³, Masahiro Miyashita¹, Tohru Tominaga¹, Satoshi Iwakami¹; ¹Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan, ²Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan, ³University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan	325
*Herbicide-Resistance In Waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) Identified in Israel is Due to a Long Distance Gene Transfer.* Inon Yadid, Zvi Peleg, Baruch Rubin*; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel	326
*Candidate Mutations for Fluroxypyr Resistance in Kochia (Bassia Scoparia) from Colorado.* Olivia E. Todd*, Todd A. Gaines; Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO	327
A Non-destructive Leaf Disc Assay for Rapid Diagnosis of Weed Resistance to Multiple Herbicide Modes of Action. Chenxi Wu*¹, Vijaya Varanasi¹, Alejandro Perez-Jones²; ¹Bayer CropScience, St Louis, MO, ²Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, MO	328
*Investigation of Physiological Mechanism of 2,4-D Resistance in Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri).* Chandrima Shyam*, Dallas E. Peterson, Mithila Jugulam; Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS	329
*Investigating Metabolic Resistance to S-Metolachlor in Two Illinois Waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) Populations.* Seth A. Strom*¹, Aaron Hager¹, Nicholas J. Seiter¹, Adam Davis¹, Shiv S. Kaundun², Dean E. Riechers¹; ¹University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, ²Syngenta, Bracknell, United Kingdom	330
A New Understanding on the Mechanism of Action of Glufosinate. Franck E. Dayan*¹, Roland S. Beffa², Christopher Preston³, Philip Westra¹, Hudson K. Takano¹; ¹Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, ²Bayer AG, CropScience Division, Frankfurt, Germany, ³University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, Australia	331
A Biochemical Approach to Improve the Efficacy of Glufosinate. Hudson K. Takano*¹, Roland S. Beffa², Christopher Preston³, Philip Westra¹, Franck E. Dayan¹; ¹Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, ²Bayer AG, CropScience Division, Frankfurt, Germany, ³University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, Australia	332
SYMPOSIUM - 3. GENOMICS OF WEEDY AND INVASIVE SPECIES - 2025 AND BEYOND
Introduction to Symposium. Mithila Jugulam*; Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS	333
The International Weed Genomics Consortium: A Resource for Weed Genomics. Todd A. Gaines*¹, Sarah Morran¹, Paul Neve², Eric L. Patterson³, Joseph S. McElroy⁴, Roland S. Beffa⁵, Mithila Jugulam⁶, Patrick Tranel⁷; ¹Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, ²Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom, ³Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, ⁴Auburn University, Auburn, AL, ⁵Bayer AG, CropScience Division, Frankfurt, Germany, ⁶Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, ⁷University of Illinois, Urbana, IL	334
*Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology Unite: Towards Elucidation of Non-target Herbicide Resistance Mechanism in Conyza..* Charles Neal Stewart*, Cristiano Piasecki, Yongil Neal Yang, Bryce Trull, Reginald Millwood; University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN	335
*New Tools to Investigate and Manipulate Black-grass (Alopecurus myosuroides).* Dana R. MacGregor*; Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom	336
*Using Genomics to Investigate Dioecy in Amaranthus* Species.** Patrick Tranel*; University of Illinois, Urbana, IL	337
Molecular Cytogenetic Analysis of Herbicide-resistant Weeds. Dal-Hoe Koo*, Mithila Jugulam, Bernd Friebe, Bikram S. Gill; Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS	338
The eccDNA Replicon, Adaptive Potential, and Functional Genomics in Amaranthus Palmeri. Christopher A. Saski*¹, William T. Molin²; ¹Clemson University, Clemson, SC, ²USDA-ARS, Stoneville, MS	339
*The Genome of Kochia scoparia: A Story of Evolution in Action.* Eric L. Patterson*¹, Todd A. Gaines², Christopher A. Saski³, Philip Westra², Crystal D. Sparks²; ¹Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, ²Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, ³Clemson University, Clemson, SC	340
Canada Fleabane Genome Sequence. Martin Laforest*¹, Sara L. Martin², Eric R. Page³; ¹AAC-AAFC, St-jean-sur-richelieu, QC, Canada, ²AAC-AAFC, Ottawa, ON, Canada, ³Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Harrow, ON, Canada	341
Symposium Discussion. Mithila Jugulam*; Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS	342
ORAL - 01. AGRONOMIC CROPS
Control of Multiple-herbicide-resistant Waterhemp in Corn. Christian A. Willemse*¹, Peter H. Sikkema¹, Amit J. Jhala², Darren E. Robinson¹, David C. Hooker¹; ¹University of Guelph, Ridgetown, ON, Canada, ²University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE	343
*Does Amplification of the EPSPS* Gene Alone Confer Glyphosate Resistance in Common Waterhemp.** Balaji Aravindhan Pandian*, Sanzhen Liu, P.V. Vara Prasad, Tesfaye Tesso, Mithila Jugulam; Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS	344
Control of Glyphosate-Resistant Canada Fleabane with Three-Way Tankmixes in Soybean. Peter H. Sikkema*, Nader Soltani; University of Guelph, Ridgetown, ON, Canada	345
*Horseweed (Erigeron canadensis) Growth Stage Response to Herbicide Technologies.* Aaron Froemke*¹, Kirk A. Howatt²; ¹North Dakota State University, Lisbon, ND, ²North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND	346
A Kochia Population with Possible Field Resistance to Dicamba, Fluroxypr and Glyphosate. Randall S. Currie*¹, Patrick Geier¹, Chandrima Shyam², Mithila Jugulam²; ¹Kansas State University, Garden City, KS, ²Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS	347
Characterizing Response of Glyphosate-, Dicamba-, and Fluroxypyr-Resistant Kochia to Atrazine and Metribuzin. Rui Liu*¹, Vipan Kumar¹, Randall S. Currie², Patrick Geier², Taylor Lambert¹, Phillip W. Stahlman¹; ¹Kansas State University, Hays, KS, ²Kansas State University, Garden City, KS	348
Heat Stress and Recurrent Herbicide Application May Speed the Evolution of Junglerice Tolerant to Florpyrauxifen-benzyl. Lariza Benedetti¹, Nilda Roma-Burgos², Luis A. Avila*¹; ¹Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil, ²University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR	349
Evaluation of Herbicide Resistance in Diverse Palmer Amaranth and Waterhemp Populations in the USA. Alejandro Perez-Jones*¹, Rong Ma¹, Chenxi Wu², Chandrashekar Aradhya¹; ¹Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, MO, ²Bayer CropScience, St Louis, MO	350
*Investigation of Herbicide-resistant Redroot Pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) Populations in North Carolina.* Eric A. Jones*, Wesley Everman, Ramon G. Leon; North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC	351
Synthetic Auxins and Glufosinate Applied Sequentially for Control of Palmer Amaranth and Associated Physiological Response. Frances B. Browne*, Steve Li, Katilyn J. Price, Ryan D. Langemeier; Auburn University, Auburn, AL	352
*Waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) and Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) Control in a Glyphosate, Glufosinate, and Dicamba Resistant Soybean Variety.* Travis Legleiter*¹, J. D. Green²; ¹University of Kentucky, Princeton, KY, ²University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY	353
*The Importance of Glufosinate for Managing Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) in Auxin-Based Herbicide Systems.* Grace F. Flusche Ogden*¹, Peter A. Dotray², John Everitt³; ¹Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, ²Texas Tech University and Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Service, Lubbock, TX, ³Bayer - US Crop Science, Shallowater, TX	354
Efficacy of a New Fluroxypyr + Arylex Active Weed Control Product in Wheat. Mike Moechnig*¹, Jeffery Krumm², Joe Yenish³, Bruce Steward⁴, Patti Prasifka⁵, Dave Johnson⁶, Mike Lovelace⁷; ¹Corteva Agriscience, Brookings, SD, ²Corteva Agriscience, Hastings, NE, ³Corteva Agriscience, Billings, MT, ⁴Corteva, Oklahoma City, OK, ⁵Corteva Agriscience, West Fargo, ND, ⁶Corteva Agriscience, Eagan, MN, ⁷Corteva Agriscience, Lubbock, TX	355
Assessment of Potential Allelopathic Effects of Pacific Northwest Winter Wheat Cultivars on Annual Weeds. Haifeng Xing¹, Steve Young*²; ¹Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot City, China, ²Utah State University, Logan, UT	356
Efficacy and Crop Safety of a New Broadleaf Herbicide for Northern Plains Cereals Containing, Clopyralid, Halauxifen-methyl, and Fluroxypyr. Joe Yenish*¹, Patti Prasifka², Dave Johnson³, Mike Moechnig⁴; ¹Corteva Agriscience, Billings, MT, ²Corteva Agriscience, West Fargo, ND, ³Corteva Agriscience, Eagan, MN, ⁴Corteva Agriscience, Brookings, SD	357
*Feral Rye (Secale cereale) Control and Economics with ACCase Tolerant Wheat Production System in Colorado.* Eric P. Westra*, Todd A. Gaines; Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO	358
*Four Seasons of Italian Ryegrass (Lolium perenne* Ssp. multiflorum) Management in Oklahoma Winter Wheat.** Misha R. Manuchehri*, Justin T. Childers, Hannah C. Lindell, Lane S. Newlin; Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK	359
Is Dichlorprop-p Less Antagonistic Than 2,4-D to Group 1 Herbicides in Wheat? Kirk A. Howatt*¹, Joseph Mettler¹, Paul O. Johnson², Bob Bruss³; ¹North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, ²South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, ³Nufarm Americas, Morrisville, NC	360
The Extent of Herbicide Resistance in Key Weeds of the Southeastern Australian Grain Production Region. Christopher Preston*¹, John C. Broster², Peter Boutsalis¹, Gurjeet S. Gill³; ¹University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, Australia, ²Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, Australia, ³University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia	361
Herbicide Metabolism Affects Quizalofop Tolerance of CoAXium Wheat. Raven A. Bough*, Franck E. Dayan, Todd A. Gaines; Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO	362
Voraxor: a New Novel Herbicide for Grass and Broadleaf Weed Control in Australian Winter Cereals. Ian Francis*¹, Marco Montagna², Russell Ison¹, Gavin Heard³; ¹BASF Australia, Tamworth, Australia, ²BASF Australia, Bannockburn, Australia, ³BASF Australia, Melbourne, Australia	363
Non-Tolerant Wheat Response to Quizalofop-P-ethyl in Central Oklahoma. Justin T. Childers*¹, Misha R. Manuchehri¹, Vipan Kumar², Tyson Ochsner¹, Rui Liu², Hannah C. Lindell¹, Lane S. Newlin¹; ¹Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, ²Kansas State University, Hays, KS	364
Dichlorprop-p Combinations with Auxin Herbicides for Weed Control in Chemical Fallow. Philip Westra*¹, Kirk A. Howatt², Greg R. Kruger³, Peter A. Dotray⁴, Misha R. Manuchehri⁵, Vipan Kumar⁶, Bob Bruss⁷; ¹Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, ²North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, ³University of Nebraska-Lincoln, North Platte, NE, ⁴Texas Tech University and Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Service, Lubbock, TX, ⁵Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, ⁶Kansas State University, Hays, KS, ⁷Nufarm Americas, Morrisville, NC	365
Dicotyledonous Weed Control with Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) Technology. Kelly T. Satrom*, Kirk A. Howatt; North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND	366
ORAL - 02. HORTICULTURAL CROPS
Overlapping S-Metolachlor Treatments for Weed Control in Lima Bean. Kurt M. Vollmer*¹, Mark VanGessel², Quintin R. Johnson², Barbara A. Scott²; ¹University of Maryland, Queenstown, MD, ²University of Delaware, Georgetown, DE	367
Investigating the Genetic Basis of Herbicide Tolerance in Snap Bean. Martin Williams*¹, Alvaro Garzon², Phillip Miklas², James Myers³, Ed Peachey³; ¹USDA-ARS, Urbana, IL, ²USDA-ARS, Prosser, WA, ³Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR	368
Using Rimsulfuron Tank Mixes to Extend Residual Control of Pindar GT in Southeast Orchards. Christopher Holmberg*, Wayne E. Mitchem; North Carolina State University, Mills River, NC	369
Penoxsulam+Oxyfluorfen For Residual Weed Management in Western Pecans. Jesse M. Richardson*¹, William B. McCloskey²; ¹Corteva Agriscience, Mesa, AZ, ²University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ	370
Efficacy of Preemergent Herbicides in Watermelon Production on Bareground Vs. a Cereal Rye Cover. Matthew B. Bertucci*¹, Amanda McWhirt¹, Alden Hotz², Lesley B. Smith²; ¹University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, ²University of Arkansas, Alma, AR	371
Novel Weed Management Tools for Horticulture Production in Florida. Ramdas Kanissery*; University of Florida, Immokalee, FL	372
Growth and Reproductive Response of Vidal Blanc Grapes to Dicamba. Sarah E. Dixon*, Reid Smeda; University of Missouri, Columbia, MO	373
*Invasions of a New Species, Alkaliweed (Crussa truxillensis) in Orchards of California.* Anil Shrestha*¹, James Schaeffer¹, Kurt J. Hembree²; ¹California State University, Fresno, Fresno, CA, ²University of California Cooperative Extension, Fresno, CA	374
*Grape (Vitis vinifera) Response to 2,4-D Choline Applied as a Directed Spray in Vineyards.* Wayne E. Mitchem*¹, Kira C. Sims², Christopher Holmberg¹, Katherine M. Jennings³; ¹North Carolina State University, Mills River, NC, ²North Carolina State University, Goldsboro, NC, ³North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC	375
Effective Management of Yellow Nutsedge in Onion Depends on Herbicides Used in Preceding Crop Rotations. Joel Felix*¹, Joey Ishida¹, George Newberry²; ¹Oregon State University, Ontario, OR, ²Gowan Company, Boise, ID	376
ORAL - 04. PASTURE, RANGE, FOREST, RIGHTS OF WAYS & NATURAL AREAS
*Scotch Broom (Cytisus scoparius) Seed Germination Responses to Light.* Timothy B. Harrington*; USDA Forest Service - PNW Research Station, Olympia, WA	377
*Revitalizing the Use of Crested Wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum) for the Management of Annual Invasive Grasses.* Emily B. Repas*, Daniel R. Tekiela; University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY	378
*Management Scale Application of Aminopyralid to Sterilize Medusahead (Taeniatherum* caput-medusae) Seed on Rangeland.** Jeremy James*¹, Matthew J. Rinella², Josh Davy³, Larry Forero⁴; ¹University of California Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Browns Valley, CA, ²USDA-ARS, Miles City, MT, ³University of California Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Red Bluff, CA, ⁴University of California Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Redding, CA	379
Impact of Relative Early Emergence and Growth Rates of Cool-season Bunchgrasses on Priority Effects with Invasive Grasses. Jaycie N. Arndt*¹, Brian Mealor²; ¹University of Wyoming, Arvada, WY, ²University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY	380
Perennial Pepperweed: Does the Drizzle Method of Herbicide Application Work? Thomas J. Getts*; University of California Cooperative Extension, Susanville, CA	381
Plant Community Data May Improve Susceptibility Modeling for Two Hieracium Species in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Christie Hubbard Guetling*¹, Lisa C. Jones¹, Don W. Morishita², Eva K. Strand¹, Julia L. Piaskowski¹, Timothy S. Prather¹; ¹University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, ²University of Idaho, Kimberly, ID	382
Evaluating Native Plant Community Response to Prescribed Burning and Indaziflam. Rachel H. Seedorf*, Shannon Clark, Scott J. Nissen; Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO	383
*Invader or Not? Utilizing Drone Remote Sensing to Identify Dalmatian Toadflax (Linaria dalmatica) in Rangelands.* Chloe M. Mattilio*, Daniel R. Tekiela; University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY	384
*Integrated Management of Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia esula) Seed Production in a Riparian Ecosystem.* Hannah A. D. Kuhns*, Daniel R. Tekiela; University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY	385
*Western Salsify (Tragopogon dubias) and Cutleaf Vipergrass (Scorzonera laciniata) Response to Selective Herbicides.* Shannon Clark*¹, Rachel H. Seedorf¹, Derek J. Sebastian², Scott J. Nissen¹; ¹Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, ²Bayer, Greeley, CO	386
*Evaluating the Efficacy of Herbicide to Manage Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) in High Elevation Sagebrush Steppe.* Colter Mumford*, Jane Mangold, John Winnie, Catherine Zabinski, Lisa J. Rew; Montana State University, Bozeman, MT	387
*Could Plant - Soil Feedback Play a Role in Ventenata dubia'S Invasion of the Inland Pacific Northwest?* Lisa C. Jones*, Brenda Schroeder, Timothy S. Prather; University of Idaho, Moscow, ID	388
ORAL - 07. TEACHING AND EXTENSION/ TEACHING AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
Herbicide Diversity Calculator: Interactive Web App That Estimates the Risk of Herbicide Resistance. Andrew R. Kniss¹, Albert T. Adjesiwor*¹, Nevin Lawrence²; ¹University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, ²University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Scottsbluff, NE	389
Glyphosate and Seed Germination, is the Jury Still Out ? William T. Cobb*; Cobb Consulting Services, Kennewick, WA	390
*Lessons Learned: Implementing Ventenata* and Medusahead EDRR on a Mixed Ownership Landscape.** Andrew Cassiday*¹, Brian Mealor², Luke Sander³, Lindy Garner⁴, Oakley Ingersoll¹, Carrie Rogaczewski⁵; ¹USDA NRCS, Sheridan, WY, ²University of Wyoming Sheridan Research and Extension Center, Laramie, WY, ³Sheridan County Weed and Pest, Sheridan, WY, ⁴USFWS, Great Falls, MT, ⁵Sheridan County Conservation District, Sheridan, WY	391
Machine Vision: A Promising Tool for Smart Farming. Aman Rana*, Jeffrey Derr; Virginia Tech, Virginia Beach, VA	392
Winfield� United Clinics: Show and Tell for 21st Century Agriculture. Gregory K. Dahl*¹, Ryan J. Edwards², Lillian C. Magidow², Annie Makepeace², Genevieve M. Mrnak²; ¹WinField United, Eagan, MN, ²WinField United, River Falls, WV	393
2019 National Survey Results for the Most Common and Troublesome Weeds in Broadleaf Crops, Fruits, and Vegetables. Lee Van Wychen*; Weed Science Society of America, Alexandria, VA	394
The History and Future of Adjuvant Research and Education. Joe V. Gednalske¹, Gary Halvorson*²; ¹Council of Producers & Distributors of Agrotechnology, Washington, DC, ²Council of Producers and Distributors of Agrotechnology, Washington, DC	395
Using Plot Demonstrations to Improve Herbicide Decisions for Waterhemp in Iowa. Meaghan Anderson*¹, Angie Rieck-Hinz²; ¹Iowa State University, Nevada, IA, ²Iowa State University, Clarion, IA	396
Survey of Rice Growing Practices in California Identifies Perceptions and Management of Weeds and Weedy Rice. Elizabeth Karn¹, Serena Bhagirath¹, Luis Espino², Whitney Brim-DeForest*¹; ¹University of California Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Yuba City, CA, ²University of California Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Oroville, CA	397
An Update on Herbicide-Resistant Kochia and Palmer Amaranth in Western Kansas. Vipan Kumar*¹, Rui Liu¹, Taylor Lambert¹, Randall S. Currie², Phillip W. Stahlman¹; ¹Kansas State University, Hays, KS, ²Kansas State University, Garden City, KS	398
Weeds Week: Using Social Media to Teach About Weed Control. Jeanne S. Falk Jones*; Kansas State University, Colby, KS	399
ORAL - 09. WEED BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY
Invasive Annual Grass Mapping with Remotely Sensed Landscape Phenology. Ty C. Nietupski*¹, Becky K. Kerns²; ¹Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, ²US Forest Service - PNW Research Station, Corvallis, OR	400
*Kochia (Bassia scoparia) Biology and Ecology Provide Insight into Optimal Management Scenarios.* Charles M. Geddes*; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada	401
A Multi-state Examination of Weed Phenology and its Drivers. Lauren M. Lazaro*¹, Lovreet S. Shergill², Jeffrey Evans³, Muthukumar V. Bagavathiannan⁴, Mandy Bish⁵, Jason A. Bond⁶, Kevin W. Bradley⁵, William S. Curran⁷, Adam Davis⁸, Wesley Everman⁹, Michael L. Flessner¹⁰, Nicholas Jordan¹¹, John Lindquist¹², Jason K. Norsworthy¹³, Larry Steckel¹⁴, Mark VanGessel¹⁵, Steven B. Mirsky¹⁶; ¹Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA, ²USDA-ARS & University of Delaware, Beltsville, MD, ³Farmscape Analytics, Concord, NH, ⁴Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, ⁵University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, ⁶Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MS, ⁷Penn State University, University Park, PA, ⁸University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, ⁹North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, ¹⁰Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, ¹¹University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, ¹²University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, ¹³University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, ¹⁴University of Tennessee, Jackson, TN, ¹⁵University of Delaware, Georgetown, DE, ¹⁶USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD	402
*How is Dicamba Doing on Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) in the US Mid-South?* Nilda Roma-Burgos*¹, Matheus Machado Noguera¹, Larry Steckel², James W. Heiser³, Taghi Bararpour⁴, Robert L. Nichols⁵; ¹University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, ²University of Tennessee, Jackson, TN, ³University of Missouri, Portageville, MO, ⁴Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MS, ⁵Cotton Incorporated, Cary, NC	403
*Impact of Elevated Temperature, CO₂, and Soil Moisture Stress on Seed and Plant Morphological Traits of Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum).* Aniruddha Maity*¹, Zorica Vasic¹, Victor Cieza², Gerald Ray Smith³, Muthukumar V. Bagavathiannan¹; ¹Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, ²Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, ³Texas A&M University, Overton, TX	404
*The Effects of Desiccation on Broad-leaved Dock (Rumex obtusifolius) and Curled Dock (Rumex crispus) Root Fragment Regeneration.* Khalid S. Alshallash*; Shaqra University / Saudi Arabia, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia	405
Ethical Considerations for Predicting Future Distribution of Weeds. Bruce Maxwell*; Montana State University, Bozeman, MT	406
A Model for Simulating Crop-Weed Competition for Light, Soil Water and Nitrogen. John Lindquist*¹, Lammert Bastiaans², Xinyou Yin²; ¹University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, ²Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands	407
Climate-Mediated Weed Species Composition Shifts in a Rainfed Corn System. Erin E. Burns*; Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI	408
Development of a Novel Derived Polymorphic Amplified Cleaved Sequence (dPACS) Assay for the Identification of the Resistance-Causing D210 PPO Codon Deletion in Amaranthus and Ambrosia Species. Shiv S. Kaundun*, Sarah-Jane Hutchings, Elisabetta Marchegiani, Ruben Rauser, Lucy V. Jackson; Syngenta, Bracknell, United Kingdom	409
*An IAA16* Mutation Endowing Dicamba Resistance in Kochia (Bassia scoparia) Also Alters Plant Architecture, Vegetative and Reproductive Development, and Reduces Plant Competitiveness.** Chenxi Wu*¹, Marta Paciorek¹, Sherry LeClere¹, Kang Liu¹, Alejandro Perez-Jones², Philip Westra³, Doug Sammons⁴; ¹Bayer CropScience, St Louis, MO, ²Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, MO, ³Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, ⁴Sammons BFC LLC, St Louis, MO	410
Common Sowthistle (Sonchus oleraceus) and Prickly Lettuce (Lactuca serriola) in Lentil (Lens culinaris) Crops of Southern Australia: Managing Herbicide Resistance and Highly Mobile Resistance Genes. Alicia B. Merriam*¹, Jenna Malone¹, Gurjeet S. Gill¹, Christopher Preston²; ¹University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia, ²University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, Australia	411
SYMPOSIUM - 1. 2020 VISION FOR HAWAIIAN INVASIVE PLANT MANAGEMENT
Introduction to Symposium. David R. Clements*¹, Curtis Daehler²; ¹Trinity Western University, Langley, BC, Canada, ²University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI	412
Invasive Plant Establishment and Spread in the Hawaiian Islands: History, Current Trends, and Strategies for Prevention. Curtis Daehler*, Kelsey Brock; University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI	413
The Risk and Resources for Mitigating an Incipient Miconia Invasion. David Lewis*¹, James Leary², Kimberly Burnett³, Chris Wada³, Brooke Mahnken⁴; ¹University of Hawaii at Manoa- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, Honolulu, HI, ²University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, ³University of Hawaii at Manoa- University of Hawaii Office of Economic Research, Honolulu, HI, ⁴University of Hawaii at Manoa- Maui Invasive Species Committee, Makawao, HI	414
Synergies Between Nonnative Ungulate and Plant Invasions in Hawai'i � Can the Tide be Turned? Creighton M. Litton*¹, Rebecca J. Cole², Jed P. Sparks³, Christian P. Giardina⁴, Amanda Knauf¹; ¹University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, ²Osa Conservation, Puerto Jim�nez, Costa Rica, ³Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, ⁴Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, USDA Forest Service, Hilo, HI	415
Challenges for Restoration of Invaded Hawaiian Landscapes: Why We Need the Hybrid Ecosystem Concept. Rebecca Ostertag*¹, Nicole DiManno¹, Susan Cordell², Amanda Uowolo²; ¹University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, HI, ²Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, USDA Forest Service, Hilo, HI	416
Challenges for Restoration of Invaded Hawaiian Wet Forest Ecosystems. Christy Martin*; UH PCSU/Coordinating Group on Alien Pest Species, Honolulu, HI	417
Challenges for Restoration of Invaded Hawaiian Dry Forest Ecosystems. Susan Cordell*; Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, USDA Forest Service, Hilo, HI	418
Hawaiian Invasions as a Call for Help for Invasions Throughout the Pacific Islands � What Hope is There for the Future of Island Ecosystems? David R. Clements*; Trinity Western University, Langley, BC, Canada	419
Discussion. David R. Clements*¹, Curtis Daehler²; ¹Trinity Western University, Langley, BC, Canada, ²University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI	420
SYMPOSIUM - 2. THE ROLE OF INTELLIGENT MACHINES IN WEED MANAGEMENT
Introduction to Symposium. Sharon Clay*; South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD	421
Deep Learning and Weed Management - from Data Acquisition to Control of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. William L. Patzoldt*; Blue River Technology, Sunnyvale, CA	422
Weed 4.0�A Data-Driven Weed Science and Technology. Mohsen B. Mesgaran*; University of California, Davis, Davis, CA	423
Tackling the Herbicide Resistant Weed Crisis with Teams of Mechanical Agbots. Girish Chowdhary*; University of Illinois, Champaign, IL	424
Autonomous Weeding in Vegetable Crops. Thomas Palomares*; FarmWise, San Francisco, CA	425
Economic Considerations for Automated Weed Management in Vegetable Crops. Laura Tourte*; University of California Cooperative Extension, Watsonville, CA	426
Linkage Between Workforce Development and Precision Agriculture Diffusion. Scott Fausti*¹, Sumadhur Shakya¹, Sharon Clay², David Clay², Bruce Erickson³; ¹California State Univ. Monterey Bay, Marina, CA, ²South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, ³Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN	427
2D And 3D Vision Techniques for Crop Plant Detection in Mechanical Intra-row Weed Control. Lie Tang*; Iowa State University, Ames, IA	428
Machine Vision Systems for Automated Weeding � Current Technologies and Future Directions. Mark C. Siemens*; University of Arizona, Yuma, AZ	429
Precision Crop Protection: Soil Management Zones for Optimizing Weed Control Efficacy. Anita Dille*¹, Garrison J. Gundy²; ¹Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, ²Valent U.S.A LLC, Seymour, IL	430
The Advent of Autonomous Solutions in the Management of Weeds, and its Impact on the Use of Chemicals for Precision Agriculture. Wade Robey*; Raven Industries, Sioux Falls, SD	431
Panel and Open Discussion. Steve Fennimore*; University of California, Davis, Salinas, CA	432
ORAL - 01. AGRONOMIC CROPS
Herbicides for Industrial Hemp Grain Production. Joseph Mettler*, Kirk A. Howatt; North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND	433
*Common Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) and Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) Control and Fecundity from POST Herbicides at Various Growth Stages with and without Fomesafen.* Eric B. Scruggs*, Michael L. Flessner; Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA	434
*Herbicide Potential for Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) Control in Sugarbeet, Selectivity of Desmedipham and Phenmedipham.* Clint W. Beiermann*¹, Cody F. Creech¹, Amit J. Jhala², Stevan Knezevic³, Robert Harveson¹, Nevin Lawrence¹; ¹University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Scottsbluff, NE, ²University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, ³University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Concord, NE	435
Comparing Weed Communities of Perennial and Annual Small Grain Cropping Systems. Eugene P. Law*¹, Matthew P. Spoth¹, Sandra Wayman¹, Christopher J. Pelzer¹, Scott H. Morris¹, Matthew R. Ryan¹, Antonio DiTommaso²; ¹Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, ²Cornell University, Dryden, NY	436
*Herbicide Efficacy on Threespike Goosegrass (Eleusine tristachya) in California Orchards.* Drew A. Wolter*¹, Brad Hanson²; ¹University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, ²University of California, Davis, Winters, CA	437
Trials and Tribulations with the Integrated Harrington Seed Destructor in Arkansas. Tom Barber*¹, Thomas R. Butts¹, Jason K. Norsworthy²; ¹University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Lonoke, AR, ²University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR	438
Initial Impressions of the Seed Terminator^TM as a Harvest Weed Seed Control Tool After One Season of Evaluation in Missouri. Kevin W. Bradley*; University of Missouri, Columbia, MO	439
Man vs Machine: Using Drone Aerial Imagery to Accurately Quantify Herbicide Tolerance. Eric N. Johnson, Christian J. Willenborg, Steve Shirtliffe*, Hemma Duddu; University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada	440
The Role of Unintelligent Machines in Weed Management. Eric N. Johnson*, Steven J. Shirtliffe; University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada	441
Integrating Gene Editing and Synthetic Biology to Develop Next-Generation Herbicide Resistant Crops. Lucas Lieber*; BIOHEURIS, St. Louis, MO	442
Value of Weed Maps at Harvest in Wheat Cropping Systems of the PNW. Judit Barroso*¹, Carolina San Martin Hernandez², John D. McCallum³, Dan S. Long³; ¹Oregon State University, Adams, OR, ²Oregon State University, Pendleton, OR, ³USDA-ARS, Adams, OR	443
ORAL - 04. PASTURE, RANGE, FOREST, RIGHTS OF WAYS & NATURAL AREAS
Impacts of Indaziflam on Biodiversity of Intact Sage-brush Steppe Plant Communities. Jordan Meyer-Morey*, Lisa J. Rew, Jane Mangold; Montana State University, Bozeman, MT	444
*Management of Red Bromegrass (Bromus rubens) with Indaziflam and Other Pre-Emergent Herbicides.* John H. Brock*; Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ	445
Influence of Seeding Depth on Native Species Establishment in the Presence of Indaziflam. Jodie A. Crose*¹, Brian Mealor²; ¹University of Wyoming, Sheridan, WY, ²University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY	446
Utilizing a Weed Risk Assessment for Listing State Noxious Weeds. Daniel R. Tekiela*; University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY	447
Florpyrauxifen-benzyl: A Novel Auxin Herbicide for Aquatic Plant Management. Mirella F. Ortiz*, Franck E. Dayan; Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO	448
*Management of Ventenata (Ventenata dubia) with Indaziflam at Different Preemergent Timings on Conservation Reserve Program Land.* Jared A. Beuschlein*¹, Rachel J. Zuger¹, Timothy S. Prather², Harold Quicke³, Ian Burke¹; ¹Washington State University, Pullman, WA, ²University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, ³Bayer, Windsor, CO	449
Changes in Botanical Canopy Cover and Seasonal Forage Production with Herbicide Impregnated Dry Fertilizer. Scott Flynn*¹, Byron B. Sleugh², D Chad Cummings³, William L. Hatler⁴, David E. Hillger⁵; ¹Corteva Agriscience, Lee's Summit, MO, ²Corteva Agriscience, Carmel, IN, ³Corteva Agriscience, Bonham, TX, ⁴Corteva Agriscience, Meridian, ID, ⁵Corteva Agriscience, Thorntown, IN	450
3MT - 3MT PHD
The Effect of Common and Novel Pasture Herbicides on Forage Grass Establishment. Wykle C. Greene*, Michael L. Flessner; Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA	451
ORAL - 04. PASTURE, RANGE, FOREST, RIGHTS OF WAYS & NATURAL AREAS
*Growth Regulator Effects on Ventenata (Ventenata dubia) Seed Viability Under Field Conditions.* Beth Fowers*¹, Brian Mealor², William L. Hatler³; ¹University of Wyoming, Sheridan, WY, ²University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, ³Corteva Agriscience, Meridian, ID	452
*Impacts of Simulated Trampling on Nonstructural Carbohydrates in Yellow-Flag Iris (Iris pseudacorus).* Alexandra L. Stoneburner*; Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO	453
*Long-term Outcome of Integrating Herbicide and Seeding in Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia esula)-Invaded Rangeland.* Matthew J. Rinella¹, Alan D. Knudsen², Jim S. Jacobs³, Jane Mangold*⁴; ¹USDA-ARS, Miles City, MT, ²Missoula County Weed District, Missoula, MT, ³NRCS, retired, Bozeman, MT, ⁴Montana State University, Bozeman, MT	454
ORAL - 11. PHYSIOLOGY
Role of Epigenetics Modifications in the Development of Herbicide Resistance. Gourav Sharma*, Jacob Barney, Shawn Askew, James Westwood, David Haak, Suzanne Laliberte, Liqing Zhang; Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA	455
*A Characterization of Tissue Specific Alpha-Tubulin Gene Expression Two Grass Species, Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua)* and Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana).** Nathan D. Hall*, Jinesh D. Patel, Eli C. Russell, James Harris, Leslie R. Goertzen, Joseph S. McElroy; Auburn University, Auburn, AL	456
*Establishing a Basis for 2,4-D Tolerance in Red Clover (Trifolium pratense): RNA-seq Analysis of Susceptible and Tolerant Cultivars Following 2,4-D Application.* Lucas Araujo*¹, Michael Barrett¹, Randy Dinkins², Linda D. Williams¹, Troy Bass²; ¹University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, ²USDA/FAPRU, Lexington, KY	457
Mechanisms of 2,4-D Resistance in Palmer Amaranth. Wendy A. Peer*; University of Maryland, College Park, MD	458
*Investigation of Lactofen Resistance in a Population of Amaranthus palmeri.* Jacob S. Montgomery*, Darci A. Giacomini, Patrick Tranel; University of Illinois, Urbana, IL	459
*Integrating UPLC-qTOF-MS and UPLC-MS/MS to Characterize Resistance to Bentazon in Chenopodium album* L. Populations from Oregon.** Lucas Baiochi Riboldi*, Ed Peachey, Andrew G. Hulting, Caio A. Brunharo; Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR	460
*QTL Discovery for Resistance to HPPD Inhibitors in Amaranthus tuberculatus.* Brent P. Murphy*, Patrick Tranel; University of Illinois, Urbana, IL	461
Modes of Action of Two Natural Herbicides in the Bioherbicide MBI-014. Stephen O. Duke*¹, Franck E. Dayan², Louis G. Boddy³, Zhiqiang Pan⁴, Joanna Basja-Hirschel⁴; ¹University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, ²Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, ³Marrone BIo Innovations, Davis, CA, ⁴USDA- ARS, Oxford, MS	462
*Resistance to a Non-Selective HPPD-Inhibiting Herbicide in Multiple-Resistant Waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) Populations.* Jeanaflor Crystal Concepcion¹, Sarah-Jane Hutchings², James Morris², Shiv S. Kaundun², Anatoli V. Lygin¹, Dean E. Riechers*¹; ¹University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, ²Syngenta, Bracknell, United Kingdom	463
*The Transcriptional Landscape of Glyphosate Resistance in Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri): More Than EPSPS Gene Amplification.* William T. Molin*¹, Christopher A. Saski²; ¹USDA-ARS, Stoneville, MS, ²Clemson University, Clemson, SC	464
Progress in the Characterization of CYPs and GSTs Involved in Weed Resistance to Herbicides. Functional Validation. Roland S. Beffa*; Bayer AG, CropScience Division, Frankfurt, Germany	465
ORAL - 13. INTEGRATED WEED MANAGEMENT
*Multiple Modes of Selection Prove Successful in Managing Horseweed (Erigeron canadensis* L.).** Theodore R. Vanhie*¹, Michael Cowbrough², Clarence Swanton³, Francois Tardif¹; ¹University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, ²Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Guelph, ON, Canada, ³University of Guelph, Guelph, AZ, Canada	466
*Pollen Swamping Population Management Possibilities for Waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) Simulated in silico.* Brendan C. Alexander*, Patrick Tranel, Aaron Hager, Nicolas F. Martin, Adam Davis; University of Illinois, Urbana, IL	467
*Unexpected Resistance Evolution to a Carotenoid Biosynthesis Inhibiting Herbicide in Field Selected Cross-Resistant Rigid Ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) Populations from Australia.* David J. Brunton*¹, Peter Boutsalis², Gurjeet Gill², Christopher Preston²; ¹University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia, ²The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia	468
Present Status and Future Strategies for the Management of Herbicide Resistant Weeds of Wheat in India. Samunder Singh*; CCS HAU Hisar, Hisar, India	469
Long-term Muti-tactic Herbicide Resistance Weed Management. Steven B. Mirsky*¹, Lovreet S. Shergill², Mark VanGessel³, Jason K. Norsworthy⁴, Adam Davis⁵; ¹USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD, ²USDA-ARS & University of Delaware, Beltsville, MD, ³University of Delaware, Georgetown, DE, ⁴University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, ⁵University of Illinois, Urbana, IL	470
The Western IPM Kochia Work Group: Update and Next Steps. Todd A. Gaines*¹, Charles M. Geddes², Philip Westra¹, Kelly Bennett³, Cody F. Creech⁴, Rory Degenhardt⁵, Mithila Jugulam⁶, Rand Merchant⁷, Sarah Morran¹, Olivia E. Todd¹; ¹Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, ²Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada, ³Corteva Agriscience Canada, Calgary, AB, Canada, ⁴University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Scottsbluff, NE, ⁵Affiliation Not Specified, Edmonton, AB, Canada, ⁶Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, ⁷BASF, Greeley, CO	471
Efficacy of Cotton and Peanut Residual Herbicides in High Residue Cover Crop System. Katilyn J. Price*, Steve Li, Frances B. Browne, Ryan D. Langemeier; Auburn University, Auburn, AL	472
Impact of Four Winter Cover Crop Species and Termination Timing on Weed Suppression, Soil Moisture Dynamics, and Yield in Cotton. Spencer L. Samuelson*, Muthukumar V. Bagavathiannan; Texas A&M University, College Station, TX	473
Using Living Mulch in Reduced Tillage Sweet Corn. Alan W. Leslie*, Veronica Yurchak, Cerruti R. Hooks; University of Maryland, College Park, MD	474
Cover Crop-based Weed Management in Soybean Across mid-Atlantic, North-central, and South-central United States. Lovreet S. Shergill*¹, Mark VanGessel², Michael L. Flessner³, Muthukumar V. Bagavathiannan⁴, Kevin W. Bradley⁵, John Lindquist⁶, Jason A. Bond⁷, Lauren M. Lazaro⁸, Adam Davis⁹, Jason K. Norsworthy¹⁰, William S. Curran¹¹, Wesley Everman¹², George Frisvold¹³, Nicholas Jordan¹⁴, Larry Steckel¹⁵, Steven B. Mirsky¹⁶; ¹USDA-ARS & University of Delaware, Beltsville, MD, ²University of Delaware, Georgetown, DE, ³Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, ⁴Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, ⁵University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, ⁶University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, ⁷Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MS, ⁸Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA, ⁹University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, ¹⁰University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, ¹¹Penn State University, University Park, PA, ¹²North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, ¹³University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, ¹⁴University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, ¹⁵University of Tennessee, Jackson, TN, ¹⁶USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD	475
Evaluation of Post Emergence Applications of Mustard Seed Meal in Chile Pepper. Asmita Nagila*, Brian J. Schutte, Soum Sanogo, John Idowu; New Mexico state university, Las Cruces, NM	476
ORAL - 01. AGRONOMIC CROPS
Sustaining the Utility of Herbicides in U.S. Agriculture: What Have We Learned and What is the Path Forward? Jason K. Norsworthy*¹, Muthukumar V. Bagavathiannan²; ¹University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, ²Texas A&M University, College Station, TX	477
Presence of Neighbouring Weeds Alters the Response of Maize to Thiamethoxam. Megan House¹, Sasan Amirsadeghi², Clarence Swanton*³, Lewis Lukens²; ¹University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, ²University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, ³University of Guelph, Guelph, AZ, Canada	478
*Italian Ryegrass (Lolium perenne* Ssp. multiflorum) Timing of Removal Effects on Corn Growth and Yield in Mississippi.** Michael T. Wesley Jr.¹, J Connor Ferguson*¹, Jason A. Bond², Daniel B. Reynolds¹, Erick J. Larson¹; ¹Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, ²Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MS	479
Optimizing the Use of Pyroxasulfone for Grass Weed Control in Cool-Season Grasses Grown for Seed. Andrew G. Hulting*, Kyle Roerig, Caio A. Brunharo, Carol Mallory-Smith; Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR	480
Effect of Cereal Residual Herbicides on Faba Bean Planted the Following Season. Sid A. Darras*, Eric N. Johnson, Christian J. Willenborg; University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada	481
*Intercropping Winter Wheat into Forage Radish (Raphanus sativus).* Michael L. Flessner*¹, Kara Pittman¹, Mark S. Reiter², Eric B. Scruggs¹, Kevin W. Bamber¹; ¹Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, ²Virginia Tech, Painter, VA	482
Helping Glufosinate Work in the West: Adjuvants, Rates, and Timings. Andrew R. Kniss*; University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY	483
Preplant Burndown Weed Control with Elevore� Herbicide with Arylex� Active. Joe Armstrong*¹, Kristin Rosenbaum², David Saunders³; ¹Corteva Agriscience, Indianapolis, IN, ²Corteva Agriscience, Coffey, MO, ³Corteva Agriscience, Dallas Center, IA	484
Introduction and Overview of MON 301107: A New Glyphosate Formulation. Christopher M. Mayo*¹, Ross A. Recker², David J. Mayonado³, Neha Rana⁴; ¹Bayer, Gardner, KS, ²Bayer, Smithton, IL, ³Bayer, Hebron, MD, ⁴Bayer Crop Science, St Louis, MO	485
The Bicyclopyrone Weed Control Advantage in a New Premix Product Concept for Corn. Ryan D. Lins*¹, Tom H. Beckett², Scott E. Cully³, Gordon D. Vail², Dane L. Bowers²; ¹Syngenta, Rochester, MN, ²Syngenta, Greensboro, NC, ³Syngenta, Marion, IL	486
Triazine Benefits in Corn and Sorghum. Carroll Moseley*¹, David Bridges², Patricia D. Laird³; ¹Syngenta, High Point, NC, ²Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College, Tifton, GA, ³Syngenta Crop Protection, Greensboro, NC	487
Dimetric Charged: A New Option for Burndown and Residual Weed Control. Ryan J. Edwards*¹, Gregory K. Dahl²; ¹WinField United, River Falls, WV, ²WinField United, Eagan, MN	488
*Impact of Pre-Harvest Glyphosate on Oat (Avena sativa).* Christian J. Willenborg*¹, Eric N. Johnson¹, Nancy Ames²; ¹University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, ²Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Winnpeg, MB, Canada	489
Future of Academic Weed Science from Hemp to Students to Cancer. David D. Baltensperger*; Texas A&M University, College Ststion, TX	490
Weed Management in Cotton as Influenced by Cover Crop and Herbicide Program. Pratap Devkota*, Ruby Tiwari, Prasanna Kharel, Michael J. Mulvaney; University of Florida, Jay, FL	491
*Florpyrauxifen-benzyl Sensitivity in Gossypium hirsutum,* as Influenced by Application Placement.** Ryan C. Doherty*¹, Tom Barber², Leah M. Collie³, Zachary T. Hill⁴; ¹University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture Research & Extension, Monticello, AR, ²University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Lonoke, AR, ³University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Beebe, AR, ⁴University of Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service, Monticello, AR	492
*Kochia (Bassia scoparia) Control in Enlist� Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) Following Different Preplant Herbicide Options in the Texas High Plains.* Ubaldo Torres*¹, Peter A. Dotray², Kyle R. Russell¹, Michael Lovelace³; ¹Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, ²Texas Tech University and Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Service, Lubbock, TX, ³Corteva Agriscience, Lubbock, TX	493
Use of Isoxaflutole as an Alternative Herbicide Site of Action in Cotton. Rodger B. Farr*¹, Jason K. Norsworthy¹, Tom Barber², Grant L. Priess¹, Mason C. Castner¹; ¹University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, ²University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Lonoke, AR	494
Evaluating Tank Mix Partners with Isoxaflutole Across the Cotton Belt. Delaney C. Foster*¹, Peter A. Dotray², Seth A. Byrd³, A Stanley Culpepper⁴, Darrin M. Dodds⁵, Steven D. Hall⁶, Bradley J. Norris⁵, Reagan L. Noland⁷, Scott A. Nolte⁸, Mason T. House⁹, Jason K. Norsworthy¹⁰, Rodger B. Farr¹⁰, Larry Steckel¹¹, Corey Thompson¹²; ¹Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, ²Texas Tech University and Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Service, Lubbock, TX, ³Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, ⁴University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, ⁵Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, ⁶Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, ⁷Texas A&M Agrilife Extension Service, San Angelo, TX, ⁸Texas A&M AgriLife Extension, College Station, TX, ⁹Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, ¹⁰University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, ¹¹University of Tennessee, Jackson, TN, ¹²BASF, Abernathy, TX	495
Safety of Pre- and Early-post Herbicides to Hemp for Seed Production. Angela R. Post*; North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC	496
Challenges and Opportunities for Weed Control in Popcorn. Ethann R. Barnes*¹, Stevan Knezevic², Nevin Lawrence³, Amit J. Jhala¹; ¹University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, ²University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Concord, NE, ³University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Scottsbluff, NE	497
Utility of Two New Premix Concepts Containing Rinskor Active for Improved Efficacy and Weed Spectrum in MidSouth Rice Production. Drew Ellis*¹, Larry C. Walton², Hunter Perry³, Chris J. Meyer³, Jeff Ellis⁴, Mauricio Morell⁵; ¹Corteva Agriscience, Arlington, TN, ²Corteva, Tupelo, MS, ³Corteva agriscience, Leland, MS, ⁴Dow AgroSciences, Sterlington, LA, ⁵Corteva Agriscience, Indianapolis, IN	498
Efficacy and Crop Safety of Rinskor^TM Active (Florpyrauxifen-benzyl) in California Rice. Stephen F. Colbert*¹, Mauricio Morell²; ¹Corteva Agriscience, Escalon, CA, ²Corteva Agriscience, Indianapolis, IN	499
Challenges of Weed Management in Rice Production in Canada. Kalidas Subedi*; Pest Management Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada	500
Efficacy of Metamitron Applied PRE in the High Plains Sugar Beet Production Region. Andrew R. Kniss*; University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY	501
Volunteer Corn Management with Fluazifop + Dicamba Tank Mixtures in Dicamba Tolerant Soybean. Marty Schraer*¹, Peter Eure², Thomas H. Beckett², Marshall Hay³, Sudeep Matthew², Ethan T. Parker³; ¹Syngenta, Meridian, ID, ²Syngenta, Greensboro, NC, ³Syngenta, Vero Beach, FL	502
ORAL - 03. TURF AND ORNAMENTALS
Crew Specialty Herbicide (Dithiopyr + Isoxaben): A New Herbicide for Broad-Spectrum Weed Control in Turf and Ornamentals. David E. Hillger*¹, Amy L. Agi², Paul Marquardt³; ¹Corteva Agriscience, Thorntown, IN, ²Corteva Agriscience, Brooks, GA, ³Corteva Agriscience, Des Moines, IA	503
*Moisture Status Affects Efficacy of Foramsulfuron for Postemergence Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) Control.* James Brosnan*¹, Avat Shekoofa², Matthew T. Elmore³, Jose J. Vargas¹, Dan Tuck³, Greg Breeden¹, Joaquin Simon²; ¹University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, ²University of Tennessee, Jackson, TN, ³Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ	504
Efficacy of Pinoxaden for Grass Control. Jeffrey Derr*; Virginia Tech, Virginia Beach, VA	505
Frequent, Low-Dose Treatments for Weed Control on Putting Greens. John M. Peppers*, John Brewer, Shawn Askew; Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA	506
Mitigating Creeping Bentgrass Phytotoxicity from Topramezone. Clebson G. Goncalves*¹, John Brewer¹, Joseph S. McElroy², Shawn Askew¹; ¹Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, ²Auburn University, Auburn, AL	507
NativeKlean� Herbicide (Aminopyralid + 2,4-D): A New Herbicide for Native Grass Roughs on Golf Courses. David E. Hillger*¹, Amy L. Agi², Paul Marquardt³; ¹Corteva Agriscience, Thorntown, IN, ²Corteva Agriscience, Brooks, GA, ³Corteva Agriscience, Des Moines, IA	508
*Winter Slicing and Herbicides Affect Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) Control in Creeping Bentgrass.* Shawn Askew*, Jordan M. Craft, John Brewer; Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA	509
*Control of Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) with Dazomet, Glyphosate, and Glyphosate Alternatives.* Fred Yelverton*¹, Patrick E. McCullough², Travis Gannon¹; ¹North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, ²University of Georgia, Griffin, GA	510
*Consistent Efficacy and Defining the Use of ALS-Inhibiting Herbicides for Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) Control in Turf.* Kai Umeda*; University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ	511
Weed Management in Carbon Seeded Kentucky Bluegrass and Perennial Ryegrass. Raul Arroyo Rosas¹, Tara L. Burke*², Rachel J. Zuger¹, Ian Burke¹; ¹Washington State University, Pullman, WA, ²Washington State University, Albion, WA	512
Improving Tolerance of Pollinator-Serving Plants to Herbicides Using Band-Applied Charcoal. Shawn Askew*, Jordan M. Craft, Morgan Shock; Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA	513
Evaluating Preemergent Herbicides for Use in Tropical Plants. Nathan Boyd¹, Shawn T. Steed*²; ¹University of Florida, Balm, FL, ²University of Florida, Seffner, FL	514
ORAL - 04. PASTURE, RANGE, FOREST, RIGHTS OF WAYS & NATURAL AREAS
*Long-term Downy Brome (Bromus tectorum) Seedling Reduction with Indaziflam in Sagebrush-Grassland Plant Communities in Sublette County, WY US.* Jake Courkamp*; Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO	515
*Ecosystem Response to Thirteen Operational Indaziflam Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) Treatments.* James Sebastian*¹, Steve Sauer¹, Shannon Clark², Derek J. Sebastian³; ¹Boulder County Open Space, Longmont, CO, ²Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, ³Bayer, Greeley, CO	516
*Evaluating the Efficacy of Various Herbicides for Bulbous Bluegrass (Poa bulbosa)* Control.** Jordan L. Skovgard*¹, Brian Mealor²; ¹University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, ²UNIVERSITY OF WYOMING DEPT OF PLANT SCI, Laramie, WY	517
Restoration of Invasive Annual Grass Degraded Landscapes: Overview of the Indaziflam Field Trial Program. Harold Quicke*¹, John H. Brock², Ian Burke³, Shannon Clark⁴, Thomas J. Getts⁵, Jane Mangold⁶, Brian Mealor⁷, Scott J. Nissen⁴, Timothy S. Prather⁸, Corey V. Ransom⁹, Derek J. Sebastian¹⁰, Stephen M. Van Vleet¹¹; ¹Bayer, Windsor, CO, ²Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, ³Washington State University, Pullman, WA, ⁴Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, ⁵University of California Cooperative Extension, Susanville, CA, ⁶Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, ⁷University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, ⁸University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, ⁹Utah State University, Logan, UT, ¹⁰Bayer, Greeley, CO, ¹¹Washington State University, Colfax, WA	518
*Developing Chemical Control Strategies for the Invasive Weed Oblong Spurge, Euphorbia oblongata..* Scott Oneto*; University of California Cooperative Extension, Jackson, CA	519
*Southern Sandbur (Cenchrus echinatus) Control in Bermudagrass Pasture with Indaziflam.* Jason Belcher*¹, Tyler Monday²; ¹Bayer, Auburn, AL, ²Auburn University, Auburn, AL	520
Collaboratively Addressing the Wilding Invasive Pine Issue Across East Maui - Part 1. Alison C. Cohan*¹, Caleb Wittenmyer¹, Jeffrey Mallinson²; ¹The Nature Conservancy of Hawaii, Makawao, HI, ²Haleakala National Park, Makawao, HI	521
Collaboratively Addressing the Wilding Invasive Pine Issue Across East Maui - Part 2. Alison C. Cohan¹, Jeffrey Mallinson*²; ¹The Nature Conservancy of Hawaii, Makawao, HI, ²Haleakala National Park, Makawao, HI	522
Automatic Detection of Invasive Weeds in Hawaii Using High Resolution Imagery and Machine Learning. Ryan L. Perroy*¹, Roberto Rodriguez², Travis Mandel¹, Pat Perez¹, David Benitez³, James J. Leary⁴; ¹University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, HI, ²USDA, Edinberg, TX, ³National Park Service, Volcano, HI, ⁴Department of Agronomy, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL	523
*Herbicide Trials with Brazilian Egeria (Egeria densa) for Management in the Sacramento / San Joaquin River Delta.* John D. Madsen*; USDA-ARS, Davis, CA	524
Use of Machine Learning to Automate Aquatic Plant Identification from Sensing Technologies. Robert J. Richardson*¹, Maharshi Patel¹, Andrew Howell², Shaphan Jernigan¹, Scott Ferguson¹, Greg Buckner¹; ¹North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, ²North Carolina State University, Sanford, NC	525
*Economics and Efficacy of Japanese Stiltgrass (Microstegium vimineum) Control After Nine Years of Treatments in a Forest Understory.* John Brewer*¹, Becky Fletcher¹, Daniel R. Tekiela², Angela R. Post³, Gourav Sharma¹, Vasiliy Lakoba¹, Jacob Barney¹, Shawn Askew¹; ¹Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, ²University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, ³North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC	526
Effect of Spatial Extent on the Performance of Six Forest Invasive Plant Habitat Suitability Models in Wisconsin. Niels A. Jorgensen, Mark J. Renz*; University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WV	527
ORAL - 10. BIOCONTROL OF WEEDS
Impacts of Weed Biocontrol in Hawaii. M Tracy Johnson*; USDA Forest Service, Volcano, HI	528
Mechanisms of Weed Seed Predation and its Potential Role in Weed Biocontrol. Khaldoun Ali*; University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada	529
*Identification of a Potential Allelopathic Substance Involved in Allelopathic Activity of False Mangosteen (Garcinia xanthochymus).* Md Mahfuzur Rob*¹, Keitaro Iwasaki², Arihiro Iwasaki², Kiyotake Suenaga², Hisashi Kato-Noguchi¹; ¹Kagawa University, Miki, Japan, ²Keio University, Yokohama, Japan	530
Inhibiting Herbicide Resistant Amaranthus by Suppressing Reproduction. Efrat Lidor Nili¹, Ido Shwartz¹, Herve Huet¹, Miriam Aminia¹, Micheal D. Owen², Jonathan Gressel³, Orly Noivirt-Brik*¹; ¹WeedOUT Ltd., Ness Ziona, Israel, ²Iowa State University, Ames, IA, ³Affiliation Not Specified, Rehovot, Israel	531
*Penology of Dioscorea bulbifera* and its Co-evolved Natural-enemy Lilioceris cheni: Implication in Biological Control Efficacy in Florida.** Min B. Rayamajhi*; USDA/ARS Invasive Plant Res Lab, Fort Lauderdale, FL	532
Developing a Microbial Herbicide to Control Amaranthus Weeds. Louis G. Boddy*, Tim Johnson; Marrone BIo Innovations, Davis, CA	533
*Progress on Classical Biological Control of Cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica) in the Southeastern United States.* James P. Cuda*¹, Purnama Hidayat², Izza A. Putri²; ¹University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, ²Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia	534
ORAL - 13. INTEGRATED WEED MANAGEMENT
*Manipulating Cropping Systems to Create a Better Harvest Weed Seed Control Target in Wild Oat (Avena fatua).* Breanne D. Tidemann*¹, Larry Michielsen¹, Patty Reid¹, Jennifer Zuidhof¹, Elizabeth Sroka¹, Hiroshi Kubota¹, K. Neil Harker², Robert Gulden³, Rebecca Dueck⁴, Alick Mulenga⁵, Cindy Gampe⁵, Greg Semach⁶; ¹Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, AB, Canada, ²Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (retired), Lacombe, AB, Canada, ³University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada, ⁴University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada, ⁵Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Scott, SK, Canada, ⁶Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Beaverlodge, AB, Canada	535
The Weed Chipper: a Site-Specific Non-Chemical Weed Control Option for Conservation Cropping Systems. Andrew L. Guzzomi*¹, Michael J. Walsh²; ¹University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia, ²University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia	536
Nozzle Type and Arrangement Effect on Spray Coverage. Ashley N. McCormick*¹, Landon G. Smith¹, Troy W. Dillon², Thomas R. Butts², Brad M. Davis², Leah M. Collie³; ¹University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Newport, AR, ²University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Lonoke, AR, ³University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Beebe, AR	537
Continuing Evolution of Impact Mill Systems for Harvest Weed Seed Control. Michael J. Walsh*¹, John C. Broster²; ¹University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia, ²Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, Australia	538
*Weed-Sensing Technology Reworks Fallow Management of Rush Skeletonweed (Chondrilla juncea* L.).** Jacob W. Fischer*, Mark Thorne, Drew J. Lyon; Washington State University, Pullman, WA	539
Advances in Precision Weed Management 2020. Vijay Singh*¹, Daniel Martin², Mohamed Latheef², Bishwa B. Sapkota³, Muthukumar V. Bagavathiannan³; ¹Virginia Tech, Painter, VA, ²United States Department of Agriculture, College Station, TX, ³Texas A&M university, College Station, TX	540
Effects of Cover Crops on Nutrient Dynamics and Weed Communities. Karla L. Gage*¹, Rachel Cook², Randy McElroy³, Gurbir Singh¹, Jon Schoonover¹, Karl Williard¹; ¹Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL, ²North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, ³Bayer Crop Science, Farina, IL	541
Cover Crop Planting Date and Weed Emergence in Almond Orchards. Steven C. Haring*¹, Brad Hanson²; ¹University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, ²University of California, Davis, Winters, CA	542
*Seasonal Variability in Pre-harvest Seed-dispersal in Hordeum glaucum* (Smooth Barley) and Bromus diandrus (Ripgut Brome) � Implications for Harvest Weed Seed Control.** Daniel Petersen, Gurjeet S. Gill*; University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia	543
*Evaluation of Rate and Timing of Herbicide Application During the Establishment of a Living White Clover (Trifolium repens) Mulch for Field Corn Production.* Nicholas T. Basinger*, Nicholas S. Hill; University of Georgia, Athens, GA	544
Soybean Response to Sublethal Dosages of Dicamba Particle Drift Vs. Vapor. Frances B. Browne¹, Steve Li*¹, Katilyn J. Price¹, Ryan D. Langemeier¹, Greg R. Kruger²; ¹Auburn University, Auburn, AL, ²University of Nebraska-Lincoln, North Platte, NE	545
Driver Weeds and the Balance of Control Option Space. Anita Kuepper*¹, Frank Rothweiler², Tracy Klingaman², Hubert Menne³, Philipp Welter⁴, Catherine de Vulder⁴; ¹Bayer Cropscience, Frankfurt, Germany, ²Bayer AG, St. Louis, MO, ³Bayer AG Crop Science, Frankfurt, Germany, ⁴Bayer AG, Monheim, Germany	546
Annual Bluegrass Management in Cool-Season Grasses Grown for Seed in Oregon: A Meta-Analysis of Multiple Years of Internal Data. Seth Bernard E. Abugho*, Caio A. Brunharo, Andrew G. Hulting; Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR	547
ORAL - 14. TRAVEL ENRICHMENT EXPERIENCE
Tackling Toadflax in Montana. Jessica E. Quinn*; University of Guelph, Ridgetown, ON, Canada	548
From Inception to Market: Learning the Herbicide Registration Cycle with Syngenta. John A. Schramski*¹, Carroll Moseley², Janis E. McFarland³; ¹Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, ²Syngenta, High Point, NC, ³Affiliation Not Specified, Chapel Hill, NC	549
A Week in the West - My 2019 Travel Enrichment Experience with Syngenta. Nicholas R. Steppig*; Purdue University, Lafayette, IN	550
Agriculture Beyond Borders: Tifton to Saskatoon. Kayla M. Eason*; University of Georgia, Tifton, GA	551
Specialty Weeds at Commodity Scale; California's Central Valley. Samuel A. Palmer*; University of New Hampshire, Epsom, NH	552
The Intersection of Weed Science and Politics: What I Learned During My Fellowship in DC. Haleigh Summers*¹, John A. Schramski², Lee Van Wychen³; ¹Weed Science Society of America, Ames, IA, ²Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, ³Weed Science Society of America, Alexandria, VA	553
SYMPOSIUM - 5. TOXICOLOGY AND WEED SCIENCE
Introduction to Symposium. Scott Senseman*; The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN	554
Risk Assessment and Management Review. Michael A. Hayoun*; University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA	555
Data and Discernment: Glyphosate as a Case Study. Bernalyn McGaughey*; Compliance Services International, Lakewood, WA	556
The Glyphosate Issue: a Poor Man's Toxicology Viewpoint. Scott Senseman*; The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN	557
How the Court System Handles Scientific Data and How an Expert Witness Presents Data in Court. Philip A. Banks*; Marathon-Agricultural & Environmental Consulting, Inc., Las Cruces, NM	558
Getting and Staying Out of the Weeds When it Comes to Effectively Communicating Science. Norman Hammitt*; South College, Knoxville, TN	559
Media Training Demonstration and Discussion. Scott Senseman*; The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN	560
Group Panel Discussion. Scott Senseman*; The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN	561
ORAL - 01. AGRONOMIC CROPS
Tirexor (Trifludimoxazin): Next Generation Burndown Update - US. Douglas Findley*¹, Cletus C. Youmans², Steven Bowe³; ¹BASF, Rolesville, NC, ²BASF, Dyersburg, TN, ³BASF, Research Triangle Park, NC	562
Tirexor� a New (PPO) Herbicide to Manage Weed Resistance in Argentina. Teofilo Bustingorri*; BASF Argentina SA, Buenos Aires, Argentina	563
Tirexor Herbicide: Tirexor + Kixor for Pre-seed Burndown Weed Control in Cereals and Pulse Crops in Western Canada. . Mark Oostlander*¹, Ethan Bertholet², Lyle Drew², Brittany Hedges¹, Brendan Metzger³; ¹BASF, Calgary, AB, Canada, ²BASF, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, ³BASF, Winkler, MB, Canada	564
Luximo � A Soil Active Residual Herbicide as a Novel Resistance Management Tool. Helmut Kraus*¹, Stuart J. Kevis², Giuseppe Allegretta³, Laurent Picard³, Ulrike Anders³, Sascha Schlaefer³, Sudhakar Kandru⁴, Andreas Landes³, Gerd Kraemer³, Bernd Sievernich⁵, Ruth Campe³, Ian Francis⁶; ¹BASF Corporation, Durham, NC, ²BASF Plc, Bury St. Edmunds, United Kingdom, ³BASF SE, Limburgerhof, Germany, ⁴BASF South East Asia Pte. Ltd., Singapore, Singapore, ⁵BASF SE, Limburgehof, Germany, ⁶BASF Australia, Tamworth, Australia	565
Introducing Luximo - A New Dawn for Black-grass Control in the UK. Stuart J. Kevis*; BASF Plc, Bury St. Edmunds, United Kingdom	566
*Luximo: A New Mode of Action (MOA) Pre-emergence Herbicide for the Control of Annual Ryegrass (Lolium rigidum* Gaud.) and Other Monocotyledon Weeds in Cereals in Australia.** Ian Francis*; BASF Australia, Tamworth, Australia	567
Weed Control in Dicamba-Tolerant Soybean in Southwest North Dakota. Caleb D. Dalley*, Daniel Guimaraes Abe; North Dakota State University, Hettinger, ND	568
Evaluating Weed Control and Crop Safety of a Premix of Dicamba and Pyroxasulfone in Dicamba-resistant Soybean in Nebraska. Ethann R. Barnes*¹, Brady Kappler², Amit J. Jhala¹; ¹University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, ²BASF, Eagle, NE	569
*Guayule (Parthenium argentatum) Response to Preemergence Herbicides.* William B. McCloskey*¹, Guangyauo Sam Wang², Bryan C. Pastor¹; ¹University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, ²Bridgestone Americas, Inc, Eloy, AZ	570
Field Assessment of Flax Tolerance to Preemergence and Postemergence Herbicides. Caleb D. Dalley¹, Brian Jenks², Daniel Guimaraes Abe*¹; ¹North Dakota State University, Hettinger, ND, ²North Dakota State University, Minot, ND	571
*Plantain (Plantago Ianceolata* L.), in Red Clover (Trifolium pratense L.) Grown for Seed.** Kyle Roerig*, Andrew G. Hulting; Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR	572
ORAL - 04. PASTURE, RANGE, FOREST, RIGHTS OF WAYS & NATURAL AREAS
MezaVue Herbicide: Pricklypear Control and Beyond. D Chad Cummings*¹, Byron B. Sleugh², William L. Hatler³, Scott Flynn⁴, Charles Hart⁵, James R. Jackson⁶; ¹Corteva Agriscience, Bonham, TX, ²Corteva Agriscience, Carmel, IN, ³Corteva Agriscience, Meridian, ID, ⁴Corteva Agriscience, Lee's Summit, MO, ⁵Dow AgroSciences, Stephenville, TX, ⁶Texas A&M AgriLife Extension, Stephenville, TX	573
Rinksor + Aminopyralid (TerraVue): A New Herbicide for Noncrop Land Management. Byron B. Sleugh¹, William L. Hatler*², Scott Flynn³, D Chad Cummings⁴; ¹Corteva AgriScience, Carmel, IN, ²Corteva Agriscience, Meridian, ID, ³Corteva Agriscience, Lee's Summit, MO, ⁴Corteva Agriscience, Bonham, TX	574
Can I Keep My Clover? Rinskor Active: A New Herbicide Enabling Selective Broadleaf Weed Control in White Clover-Grass Pastures. Byron B. Sleugh*¹, Scott Flynn², D Chad Cummings³, William L. Hatler⁴, David E. Hillger⁵; ¹Corteva Agriscience, Carmel, IN, ²Corteva Agriscience, Lee's Summit, MO, ³Corteva Agriscience, Bonham, TX, ⁴Corteva Agriscience, Meridian, ID, ⁵Corteva Agriscience, Thorntown, IN	575
Rinskor + Aminopyralid (Duracor) - A New Herbicide for Control of Weeds in Rangeland and Pastures. Scott Flynn*¹, Byron B. Sleugh², William L. Hatler³, D Chad Cummings⁴, David E. Hillger⁵; ¹Corteva Agriscience, Lee's Summit, MO, ²Corteva Agriscience, Carmel, IN, ³Corteva Agriscience, Meridian, ID, ⁴Corteva Agriscience, Bonham, TX, ⁵Corteva Agriscience, Thorntown, IN	576
Control of Key Rangeland Noxious and Invasive Weeds with Rinskor + Aminopyralid in the Western U.S. William L. Hatler*¹, Scott Flynn², Byron B. Sleugh³, D Chad Cummings⁴, David E. Hillger⁵; ¹Corteva Agriscience, Meridian, ID, ²Corteva Agriscience, Lee's Summit, MO, ³Corteva Agriscience, Carmel, IN, ⁴Corteva Agriscience, Bonham, TX, ⁵Corteva Agriscience, Thorntown, IN	577
Desirable Forb Tolerance to Applications of Rinskor Containing Herbicides in Rangeland and Pastures. D Chad Cummings*¹, Byron B. Sleugh², William L. Hatler³; ¹Corteva Agriscience, Bonham, TX, ²Corteva Agriscience, Carmel, IN, ³Corteva Agriscience, Meridian, ID	578
POSTER - 04. PASTURE, RANGE, FOREST, RIGHTS OF WAYS & NATURAL AREAS
Weed Control Spectrum of a Novel Herbicide, Florpyrauxifen-benzyl, for Pastures and Hayfields. Wykle C. Greene*, Michael L. Flessner; Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA	579
ORAL - 04. PASTURE, RANGE, FOREST, RIGHTS OF WAYS & NATURAL AREAS
Documenting the Impact of Training Municipalities to Control Invasive Plants on Wisconsin Roads. Mark J. Renz*, Leo Roth, Anne Pearce; University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WV	580
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Hexazinone on Brunswickgrass in Bahiagrass Seed Production Fields. Clay T. Cooper*¹, Brent A. Sellers²; ¹University of Florida Extension, Lecanto, FL, ²University of Florida, Ona, FL	581
Smutgrass Response to Hexazinone Using Different Application Techniques. Brent A. Sellers*¹, Jos� Luiz Carvalho de Souza Dias²; ¹University of Florida, Ona, FL, ²University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WV	582
ORAL - 08. FORMULATION, ADJUVANT, & APPLICATION TECHNOLOGY
Assessment of Commercial Scale Dicamba and 2,4-D Drift Using Drift Reducing Adjuvants. Ryan J. Edwards*¹, Lillian C. Magidow¹, Steven A. Fredricks¹, Gregory K. Dahl²; ¹WinField United, River Falls, WV, ²WinField United, Eagan, MN	583
Survey of Commercial Sprayers in Alabama for Dicamba Residue Retention Following Triple Rinse with Water. Frances B. Browne*, Steve Li, Katilyn J. Price; Auburn University, Auburn, AL	584
Fatty Acid Methyl Ester Ethoxylates: A New Surfactant and Adjuvant for Crop Protection. Dean Oester*¹, Timothy H. Anderson²; ¹BASF, Cincinnati, OH, ²BASF Corporation, Cincinnati, OH	585
Evaluating Weed Control Efficacy of Dicamba and Dicamba/tembotrione with and without Ammonium Sulfate in Corn in the Midwest. Ethann R. Barnes¹, Brian Dintelmann², Kevin W. Bradley², Aaron Hager³, Amit J. Jhala*¹; ¹University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, ²University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, ³University of Illinois, Urbana, IL	586
Efficacy of Three New Adjuvant Formulations on Herbicide Performance Across the Mid-Western United States. Jim T. Daniel*¹, Tom Hoverstad², Paul O. Johnson³, Scott Parrish⁴, Bruce Potter⁵, Prashant Jha⁶, Philip Westra⁷; ¹Daniel Ag Consulting, Keenesburg, CO, ²University of Minnesota Southern Research and Outreach Center, Waseca, MN, ³South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, ⁴AGRASYST, Spokane, WA, ⁵University of Minnesota Southwest Research and Outreach Center, Lamberton, MN, ⁶Iowa State University, Ames, IA, ⁷Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO	587
Plant Macro- and Micronutrients Formulated as Effective Environmentally Benign Postemergence Herbicides. David A. Cobb*; Belvedere Foliar LLC, Belvedere, CA	588
Quizalofop-P-Ethyl: Adjuvants, Nitrogen Fertilizer, and Tank-mixtures - the Rest of the Story. Richard K. Zollinger*¹, Peter J. Porpiglia², Mark L. Bernards³, Jerry M. Green⁴, Kirk A. Howatt⁵, Prashant Jha⁶, Greg R. Kruger⁷, Christy Sprague⁸, Mark VanGessel⁹, Bryan G. Young¹⁰; ¹Amvac Chemical Company, Spokane, WA, ²Amvac Chemical Company, Newport Beach, CA, ³Western Illinois University, Macomb, IL, ⁴Green Ways Consulting LLC, Landenberg, PA, ⁵North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, ⁶Iowa State University, Ames, IA, ⁷University of Nebraska-Lincoln, North Platte, NE, ⁸Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, ⁹University of Delaware, Georgetown, DE, ¹⁰Purdue University, Brookston, IN	589
Shear Stabilization of High Molecular Weight Drift Control Polymers. Timothy H. Anderson*¹, Dean Oester², Melvin Long¹; ¹BASF Corporation, Cincinnati, OH, ²BASF, Cincinnati, OH	590
Mirror, Mirror on the Wall: What's the Best Adjuvant of Them All. Joe V. Gednalske¹, Gary Halvorson*²; ¹Council of Producers & Distributors of Agrotechnology, Washington, DC, ²Council of Producers and Distributors of Agrotechnology, Washington, DC	591
The Influence of Adjuvants and Tank-Mix Products on the Performance of New Dicamba and 2,4-D Herbicides. Gregory K. Dahl*¹, Ryan J. Edwards², Lillian C. Magidow², Annie Makepeace², Joshua J. Skelton³, Steven A. Fredericks², Andrea C, Clark²; ¹WinField United, Eagan, MN, ²WinField United, River Falls, WV, ³WinField United, Saint Paul, MN	592
Optimizing the Oxford P15 for Droplet Spectrum Measurement and Spray Analysis in the Field and Laboratory. J Connor Ferguson*¹, Justin S. Calhoun², Kayla L. Broster¹, Zachary R. Treadway¹, Zaim Ugljic¹; ¹Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, ²Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS	593
The Effect of pH Modifying Adjuvants on Efficacy of Glyphosate + Dicamba Tank-Mixes. Joseph T. Ikley*¹, Mike Ostlie², Nathan H. Haugrud¹, Nicholas R. Steppig³, Bryan G. Young⁴; ¹North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, ²North Dakota State University, Carrington, ND, ³Purdue University, Lafayette, IN, ⁴Purdue University, Brookston, IN	594
On-Farm Evaluations of Auxin Nozzles for Peanut Pest Management - Year 2. Eric P. Prostko*¹, Mark R. Abney¹, Robert C. Kemerait¹, Glen C. Rains¹, D. Scott Carlson², James L. Jacobs³, D. Bryce Sutherland², William G. Tyson⁴; ¹University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, ²University of Georgia Extension, Sylvester, GA, ³University of Georgia Extension, Blackshear, GA, ⁴University of Georgia Extension, Statesboro, GA	595
ORAL - 09. WEED BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY
Unequal Crossover in Heterochromatin Rich Region of a Chromosome Drives Amplification of ACC-ase Gene and Sethoxydim Resistance in Large Crabgrass. Mithila Jugulam*¹, Dal-Hoe Koo¹, Sushila Chaudhari¹, Martin Laforest², Brahim Soufiane², Bernd Friebe¹, Bikram S. Gill¹; ¹Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, ²AAC-AAFC, St-jean-sur-richelieu, QC, Canada	596
*A Novel Invasive Annual Grass in North American Interior Ecosystems: Ventenata* dubia (North Africa Grass).** Becky K. Kerns*¹, Claire Tortorelli², Ty C. Nietupski², Michelle A. Day³, Meg Krawchuk², Bridgett Naylor⁴, John Kim¹; ¹US Forest Service - PNW Research Station, Corvallis, OR, ²Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, ³US Forest Service - Rocky Mountain Research Station, Corvallis, OR, ⁴US Forest Service - PNW Research Station, La Grande, OR	597
*Efficacy of Crop Rotation, Tillage and Herbicide for Long-Term Herbicide-Resistant Kochia (Bassia scoparia) Management.* Elizabeth G. Mosqueda*¹, Andrew R. Kniss², Nevin Lawrence³, Prashant Jha⁴, Charlemagne A. Lim⁵; ¹California State University-Monterey Bay, Marina, CA, ²University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, ³University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Scottsbluff, NE, ⁴Iowa State University, Ames, IA, ⁵Montana State University, Huntley, MT	598
*Population Genomics of Italian Ryegrass (Lolium perenne* L. spp. multiflorum) with Diverse Herbicide Resistance Patterns: a RAD-Seq Approach.** Caio A. Brunharo*, Andrew G. Hulting; Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR	599
*Herbicide Resistance Survey in Winter Wheat Cropping Systems Identifies the First Secale cereale* Imazamox-Resistant Population.** Neeta Soni*, Eric P. Westra, Philip Westra, Todd A. Gaines; Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO	600
*Weed Biology Insights to Improve Management of Chloris virgata.* Bhagirath S. Chauhan*; University of Queensland, Gatton, Australia	601
Maternal Water Stress Influences Progeny Characteristics and Management in Palmer Amaranth. O. Adewale Osipitan*¹, Maor Matzrafi², Sara Ohadi¹, Mohsen B. Mesgaran¹; ¹University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, ²Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Department of Weed Research and Plant Pathology, Agricultural Research Organization, Ramat Yishai, Israel	602
Salt Stress and Recurrent Herbicide Application May Speed the Evolution of Jungle Rice Resistant to Imidazolinones. Lariza Benedetti¹, Nilda Roma-Burgos², Luis A. Avila*¹, Gustavo M. Souza¹; ¹Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil, ²University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR	603
*Burial Depth and Flooding Effects on Emergence of Five California Weedy Rice (Oryza sativa* f. spontaneae Rosh.) Accessions.** Liberty B. Galvin*¹, Mohsen B. Mesgaran¹, Whitney Brim-DeForest², Kassim Al-Khatib¹; ¹University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, ²University of California Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Yuba City, CA	604
*Exposure to Dicamba Influences Sex-Ratio in Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri).* Debalin Sarangi*¹, Aniruddha Maity², Nithya K. Subramanian², Muthukumar V. Bagavathiannan²; ¹University of Wyoming, Powell, WY, ²Texas A&M University, College Station, TX	605
*High Trait Variations Within and Among the Transcontinental Populations of a Global Invader: Anthemis cotula* L. (Mayweed Chamomile).** Subodh Adhikari*¹, Ian Burke², Sanford Eigenbrode¹; ¹University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, ²Washington State University, Pullman, WA	606
*Impacts of Drought and Native Grass Competition on Buffelgrass (Pennisetum ciliare): Opportunities for Active Restoration.* Hannah Lucia Farrell*, Elise S. Gornish; University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ	607
*Structural Characterization of Phytotoxic Compounds from Lantana camara..* Dr. Tauseef Anwar*, Huma Qureshi; PIR MEHR ALI SHAH ARID AGRICULTURE UNIVERSITY, Rawalpindi, Pakistan	608
WORKSHOP - BUILDING A COMMUNITY TO BATTLE THE WICKED PROBLEM OF HERBICIDE RESISTANCE
Building Communities to Battle the Wicked Problem of Herbicide Resistance. David R. Shaw*¹, Jill Schroeder², Michael Barrett³, David E. Ervin⁴, George Frisvold⁵, Amy Asmus⁶, Susan M. Koehler⁷, Ian Burke⁸, Mark VanGessel⁹, Clint D. Pilcher¹⁰, A Stanley Culpepper¹¹, Katherine Dentzman¹², Addie Mayfield¹, Jesaelyn Gizotti de Moraes¹³; ¹Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, ²New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, ³University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, ⁴Portland State University, Portland, OR, ⁵University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, ⁶Asmus Farm Supply, Inc, Rake, IA, ⁷USDA-APHIS, Columbia, MD, ⁸Washington State University, Pullman, WA, ⁹University of Delaware, Georgetown, DE, ¹⁰Corteva AgriScience, Johnston City, IA, ¹¹University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, ¹²University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, ¹³University of Nebraska-Lincoln, West Platte, NE	609